A Polyphenolic Complex Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Blood- Brain Barrier Disruption

Bian, Yuting; Yamashita, Toru; Taira, Yuki; Shang, Jingwei; Tsunoda, Keiichiro; Tian, Feng; Sasaki, Ryo; Liu, Xia; Shi, Xiaowen; Nomura, Emi; Matsumoto, Namiko; Osakada, Yusuke; Omote, Yoshio; Hishikawa, Nozomi; Ohta, Yasuyuki

doi:10.2174/1567202617666200517105727

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Multiple preclinical studies with SPE have demonstrated that SPE can reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and promote neuroprotection in neural tissue. 18 – 20 Furthermore, SPE has been shown to modulate brain neurotransmitters in the mouse and promote neurogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons. 21 , 22 Clinical research has additionally shown that the extract is well tolerated and supports cognitive function improvements in both healthy young and older people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a Spearmint (Mentha spicataL.) Extract as Nutritional Support in a Rat Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma

Amato,

Canovai,

Melecchi

et al. 2023

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Glaucoma is an eye–brain axis disorder characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the role of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in glaucoma has been established, the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation has emerged as a promising target for neuronal tissue–supporting glaucoma management. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a proprietary spearmint extract (SPE) on RGC density, activity, and neuronal health markers in a rat model of hypertensive glaucoma. Methods Animals were divided in four groups: untreated healthy control and three glaucomatous groups receiving orally administered vehicle, SPE-low dose, or SPE-high dose for 28 days. Ocular hypertension was induced through intracameral injection of methylcellulose at day 15. At day 29, rats underwent electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, and retinas were analyzed for RGC density and markers of neural trophism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Results SPE exerted dose-dependent response benefits on all markers except for IOP elevation. SPE significantly improved RGC-related ERG responses, cell density, neurotrophins, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers. Also, in SPE-high rats, most of the parameters were not statistically different from those of healthy controls. Conclusions SPE, a plant-based, polyphenolic extract, could be an effective nutritional support for neuronal tissues. Translational Relevance These results suggest that SPE not only may be a complementary approach in support to hypotensive treatments for the management of glaucoma but may also serve as nutritional support in other ocular conditions where antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective mechanism are often disrupted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a Spearmint (Mentha spicataL.) Extract as Nutritional Support in a Rat Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma

Amato,

Canovai,

Melecchi

et al. 2023

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…Green tea polyphenols are able to reduce ischemia-elevated BBB permeability, as shown by Zhang and others in the rat occlusion model of cerebral ischemia [39]. Recent studies with commercially available extracts of plant-derived polyphenols, including Neumentix ® , confirmed their beneficial action on BBB integrity and ability to reduce the inflammatory response in mouse brain tissue after middle artery occlusion [40]. Polyphenolinduced sealing of the BBB during ischemia can mitigate the development of brain inflammation.…”

Section: Direct and Indirect Action Of Plant Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…A plant polyphenol-rich diet not only mitigates the decline of cognitive functions during aging, but also these compounds are also considered helpful in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous dietary polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which makes them potentially active in mitigating AD development [40,[46][47][48][49][50][51]. However, the results of AD-related experiments are not clear.…”

Section: The Impact Of Plant-derived Polyphenols On the Brain And Cog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development

et al. 2023

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It is well known that neurodegenerative diseases’ development and progression are accelerated due to oxidative stress and inflammation, which result in impairment of mitochondrial function, cellular damage, and dysfunction of DNA repair systems. The increased consumption of antioxidants can postpone the development of these disorders and improve the quality of patients’ lives who have already been diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonging life span in developed countries contributes to an increase in the incidence ratio of chronic age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD (Parkinson’s disease), AD (Alzheimer’s disease), or numerous forms of age-related dementias. Dietary supplementation with neuroprotective plant-derived polyphenols might be considered an important element of healthy aging. Some polyphenols improve cognition, mood, visual functions, language, and verbal memory functions. Polyphenols bioavailability differs greatly from one compound to another and is determined by solubility, degree of polymerization, conjugation, or glycosylation resulting from chemical structure. It is still unclear which polyphenols are beneficial because their potential depends on efficient transport across the BBB (blood-brain barrier), bioavailability, and stability in the CNS (central nervous system). Polyphenols improve brain functions by having a direct impact on cells and processes in the CNS. For a direct effect, polyphenolic compounds must be able to overcome the BBB and accumulate in brain tissue. In this review, the latest achievements in studies (animal models and clinical trials) on the effect of polyphenols on brain activity and function are described. The beneficial impact of plant polyphenols on the brain may be summarized by their role in increasing brain plasticity and related cognition improvement. As reversible MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, polyphenols are mood modulators and improve neuronal self-being through an increase in dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline amounts in the brain tissue. After analyzing the prohealth effects of various eating patterns, it was postulated that their beneficial effects result from synergistic interactions between individual dietary components. Polyphenols act on the brain endothelial cells and improve the BBB’s integrity and reduce inflammation, thus protecting the brain from additional injury during stroke or autoimmune diseases. Polyphenolic compounds are capable of lowering blood pressure and improving cerebral blood flow. Many studies have revealed that a nutritional model based on increased consumption of antioxidants has the potential to ameliorate the cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Randomized clinical trials have also shown that the improvement of cognitive functions resulting from the consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is independent of age and health conditions. For therapeutic use, sufficient quantities of polyphenols must cross the BBB and reach the brain tissue in active form. An important issue in the direct action of polyphenols on the CNS is not only their penetration through the BBB, but also their brain metabolism and localization. The bioavailability of polyphenols is low. The most usual oral administration also conflicts with bioavailability. The main factors that limit this process and have an effect on therapeutic efficacy are: selective permeability across BBB, gastrointestinal transformations, poor absorption, rapid hepatic and colonic metabolism, and systemic elimination. Thus, phenolic compounds have inadequate bioavailability for human applications to have any beneficial effects. In recent years, new strategies have been attempted in order to exert cognitive benefits and neuroprotective effects. Converting polyphenols into nanostructures is one of the theories proposed to enhance their bioavailability. The following nanoscale delivery systems can be used to encapsulate polyphenols: nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes. It results in great expectations for the wide-scale and effective use of polyphenols in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, only natural polyphenols have been studied as neuroprotectors. Perhaps some modification of the chemical structure of a given polyphenol may increase its neuroprotective activity and transportation through the BBB. However, numerous questions should be answered before developing neuroprotective medications based on plant polyphenols.

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“…Neumentix [a spearmint-like extract, proprietary spearmint extract (PSE)] is a dietary supplement containing abundant rosmarinic acid and polyphenols (15). Some reports indicate that PSE has beneficial effects on learning and memory (16), anti-oxidative effects (17), antiinflammatory effects and attention enhancement (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-theanine and Neumentix mixture improves sleep quality and modulates brain neurotransmitter levels in mice

Zhang¹,

Jia²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: L-theanine (L-THE), a natural amino acid found in green tea, has been shown to improve anxiety and sleep. Neumentix proprietary spearmint extract (PSE), which is commonly found in beverage flavoring a pharmaceutical, also has a wide range of health benefits, including cognitive performance improvement. Methods: Four experiments tested the effects of L-THE and PSE on sleep: a direct sleeping test, pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, sub-hypnotic pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, and sodium barbitalinduced sleeping test. Presence of neurotransmitters in brain tissue was detected by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HP LC-MS) during these studies. Results: Pentobarbital-induced sleeping and sodium barbital-induced sleeping tests examined the potential effect of L-THE/PSE mixture on synergistic sleep, while neurotransmitter levels in the brain were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS) method. L-THE and L-THE/PSE mixture showed increased sleep duration and shortened sleep latency when coadministrated with pentobarbital or sodium barbital. The mixture also increased sleeping rate when coadministrated with the pentobarbital at sub-hypnotic dose. Additionally, the L-THE, PSE and L-THE/PSE mixture significantly increased the concentrations of acetylcholine (Ach), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and decreased the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that L-THE/PSE mixture regulates sleep disorders via the GABA receptor and neurotransmitter systems.

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A Polyphenolic Complex Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Blood- Brain Barrier Disruption

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Efficacy of a Spearmint (Mentha spicataL.) Extract as Nutritional Support in a Rat Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma

Efficacy of a Spearmint (Mentha spicataL.) Extract as Nutritional Support in a Rat Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma

Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development

L-theanine and Neumentix mixture improves sleep quality and modulates brain neurotransmitter levels in mice

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