A polyvinylidene fluoride needle hydrophone for ultrasonic applications

Platte, Michael

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(85)90059-9

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, piezoelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer [P(VDF-TrFE)] have been used as an active element in hydrophones due to their high piezoelectric voltage constant g [78][79][80]. However, their actual sensitivities were not high enough, and the low dielectric constants of piezoelectric polymer hydrophones were not desirable since the output signals of the sensing elements greatly diminish due to the capacitance of the coaxial cables [81].…”

Section: Hydrophone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Jiang

Kim

2014

Crystals

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Relaxor-PbTiO 3 piezoelectric single crystals have been widely used in a broad range of electromechanical devices, including piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and transducers. This paper reviews the unique properties of these single crystals for piezoelectric sensors. Design, fabrication and characterization of various relaxor-PT single crystal piezoelectric sensors and their applications are presented and compared with their piezoelectric ceramic counterparts. Newly applicable fields and future trends of relaxor-PT sensors are also suggested in this review paper.

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Section: Hydrophone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Jiang

Kim

2014

Crystals

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“…A variation on the needle design that has proved useful, especially for lithotripsy field measurements (see Section VII), was constructed by dipping the rounded tip of a needle in molten PVDF, cooling to form a film of varying thickness at the tip, poling via corona discharge, and then coating the outer surface with evaporated metal [111]. One feature of this construction technique is that the directional response is much broader than that of a flat needle design with similar dimensions (about 0.5 mm).…”

Section: Other Pvdf Hydrophone Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the work described in [159], [162], one of the PVDF needle hydrophones mentioned in Section IV was used [111], [165]. This probe was said to withstand several thousand lithotripsy pulses, but the rise time was still somewhat limited, being about 80 ns [159], [162].…”

Section: A Hydrophone Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of piezoelectric PVDF on medical ultrasound exposure measurements, standards, and regulations

Harris

Preston

DeReggi

2000

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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This paper describes the development of PVDF hydrophones for characterizing medical ultrasound fields. The polymer hydrophone approaches that have resulted from this work are discussed, with emphasis given to the spot-poled membrane design that has become the de facto reference device for these measurements. The various national and international standards and regulations that have followed from the successful use of PVDF hydrophones also are summarized. The works discussed encompass polymer-based hydrophones designed primarily for diagnostic and lithotripsy exposure measurements, both in water and in vivo. The advent of these hydrophones has made possible accurate and reliable measurements of exposure levels encountered in medical ultrasound and, thus, has allowed questions of ultrasound bioeffects and device safety to be addressed in a consistent and scientifically sound manner.

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“…It had a flat frequency response to 20 MHz. Similar single-layer backed ultrasonic hydrophones are a 15 mm OD disk by Woodward and Chandra 38 , a 1.5 mm disk by Wilson 39 , et al, a 0.6 mm disk by Lewin 40 , and a 0.3 mm needle by Platte 41 . Nakamura and Otani 42 studied surface elastic wave induced on backing material and diffraction field of a piezoelectric polymer film hydrophone.…”

Section: Backed Thin-film Hydrophonementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Piezoelectric Transducers for Hydrophone Applications

Kharat

Mitra

Akhtar

et al. 2007

DSJ

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Conventional ceramic piezoelectric materials have been used in hydrophones for sonar applications since 1940's. In the last few years since the discovery of polymeric piezoelectric hydrophones, the technology has matured, applications have emerged in extraordinary number of cases such as underwater navigation, biomedical applications, biomimetics, etc. Hydrophones are used underwater at high hydrostatic pressures. In the presence of hydrostatic pressures, the anisotropic piezoelectric response of ceramic materials is such that it has poor hydrophone performance characteristics whereas polymeric piezoelectric materials show enough hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients. Moreover, piezoelectric polymers have low acoustic impedance, which is only 2-6 time that of water, whereas in piezoelectric ceramics, it is typically 11-time greater than that of water. A close impedance match permits efficient transduction of acoustic signals in water and tissues. Newly developed hydrostatic-mode polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) hydrophones use a pressure-release system to achieve improved sensitivity. Recently, voided PVDF materials have been used for making hydrophones having higher sensitivity and figure of merit than unvoided PVDF materials.

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A polyvinylidene fluoride needle hydrophone for ultrasonic applications

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

The impact of piezoelectric PVDF on medical ultrasound exposure measurements, standards, and regulations

Polymeric Piezoelectric Transducers for Hydrophone Applications

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