Designers of ultrasonic transducers should consider piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films as transducer material, if broad bandwidths or focusing action are required for transducers operating in liquid couplants. By using simple bonding techniques, transducers operating in the range 1-100 MHz with plane and curved surfaces can easily be constructed. Higher sensitivity compared to a transducer consisting of a single piezoelectric film is obtained by using correlation techniques with Barker-coded multilayer versions of PVDF transducers. Moreover PVDF is opening new dimensions in the design of miniature piezoelectric hydrophones, as shown in the case of the recently developed needle hydrophone.

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