A portable low‐cost remote videography system for monitoring wildlife

Kross, Sara M.; Nelson, Ximena J.

doi:10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00064.x

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…New Zealand falcons evolved in the absence of land-dwelling mammals, and therefore lack the morphological and behavioral adaptations necessary to deal with mammalian predators [26]. For example, they often nest in ‘scrapes’ on the ground, making them prone to high levels of nest predation [23], [27]–[28]. In the New Zealand falcon, incubation lasts for 30 days, followed by a 30–35 day rearing period during which chicks develop the ability to thermoregulate (at approximately 12 days), reach full adult weight (at approximately 20 days), and develop feathers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of Threatened New Zealand Falcons to Vineyards Increases Nest Attendance, Brooding and Feeding Rates

2012

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Anthropogenic landscapes can be rich in resources, and may in some cases provide potential habitat for species whose natural habitat has declined. We used remote videography to assess whether reintroducing individuals of the threatened New Zealand falcon Falco novaeseelandiae into a highly modified agricultural habitat affected the feeding rates of breeding falcons or related breeding behavior such as nest attendance and brooding rates. Over 2,800 recording hours of footage were used to compare the behavior of falcons living in six natural nests (in unmanaged, hilly terrain between 4 km and 20 km from the nearest vineyard), with that of four breeding falcon pairs that had been transported into vineyards and nested within 500 m of the nearest vineyard. Falcons in vineyard nests had higher feeding rates, higher nest attendance, and higher brooding rates. As chick age increased, parents in vineyard nests fed chicks a greater amount of total prey and larger prey items on average than did parents in hill nests. Parents with larger broods brought in larger prey items and a greater total sum of prey biomass. Nevertheless, chicks in nests containing siblings received less daily biomass per individual than single chicks. Some of these results can be attributed to the supplementary feeding of falcons in vineyards. However, even after removing supplementary food from our analysis, falcons in vineyards still fed larger prey items to chicks than did parents in hill nests, suggesting that the anthropogenic habitat may be a viable source of quality food. Although agricultural regions globally are rarely associated with raptor conservation, these results suggest that translocating New Zealand falcons into vineyards has potential for the conservation of this species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of Threatened New Zealand Falcons to Vineyards Increases Nest Attendance, Brooding and Feeding Rates

2012

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“…Table 2 summarises avoidance, mitigation, remediation and biodiversity offset options to address the potential effects of wind farms to falcons. Although falcons are known to be susceptible to predation at the nest site (Seaton 2009b;Kross & Nelson 2011) no predator control prescriptions have been developed for falcons. Therefore, until predator control methods for improving falcon productivity rates are effectively designed, tested and proved to be effective, we do not recommend predator control as a biodiversity offset technique because outcomes cannot be guaranteed.…”

Section: Post-construction Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Zealand falcon and wind farms: a risk assessment framework

Seaton

Barea

2013

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Internationally, birds of prey are often reported as being relatively prone to collision with wind turbines in comparison to other groups of birds. However, as yet it is unclear to what extent New Zealand's only endemic bird of prey, the New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae), is at risk. In this paper we summarise the potential for wind farms to impact New Zealand falcon, evaluate the efficacy of a range of risk assessment and post-consent monitoring practices, and present options for mitigating and/or offsetting any residual effects. We conclude that the lack of knowledge on the effects of wind farms on New Zealand falcon is the result of inconsistency in the assessment methods thus far employed and the absence of a coordinated approach to monitoring methods and the dissemination of results. To remedy this we present a risk assessment framework that, if adopted, will provide the information necessary to ensure alternative energy targets can be met without compromising the conservation of this threatened species.

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“…These prey availability data were used to quantify the available prey species for kārearea in the habitats around each nest. By frequency, 97.9% of prey delivered to kārearea nests was avian (Kross et al 2013), and 664 wild birds were positively identified to species level using the combination of videos placed at nests (Kross & Nelson 2011) and prey remains found at and near nests (Kross et al 2013). We assumed that all species were equally detectable in both prey remains and bird counts (Kross et al 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand falcon prey selection may not be driven by preference based on prey nutritional content

Kross¹,

Tait²,

Raubenheimer³

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Little is known about how diurnal raptors, as apex predators, select their prey. It has been hypothesised that they are opportunistic, taking prey according to availability, and that they select prey based on prey size. The threatened New Zealand falcon or kārearea (Falco novaeseelandiae) is New Zealand's only remaining endemic bird of prey. A previous study on prey caught by kārearea during the breeding season suggested that introduced avian prey were taken more often than expected, and endemic avian prey taken less often than expected, based on their abundance. There is a growing interest in the role that nutrients play in prey selection by predators. We used the nutritional geometry framework in a field study to determine the role that nutritional composition plays in prey choice. We built on an existing dataset to assess whether prey selection by kārearea can be explained based on prey body-mass, abundance, or nutritional characteristics. We determined the protein-to-lipid ratio and ash content of individuals across 16 species of prey and potential prey, including both endemic and introduced species, and modelled these against known prey consumption based on our earlier work. We found limited evidence for selective predation based on nutrient balancing. Instead, the relative abundance of each species in the surrounding habitat and the endemicity of each species were the most important predictors, with species body-mass playing only a minor role in prey choice. To investigate the apparent selection for introduced over endemic prey, future research could compare the behavioural adaptations of endemic birds against their natural predator with behaviours of introduced birds.

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A portable low‐cost remote videography system for monitoring wildlife

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Translocation of Threatened New Zealand Falcons to Vineyards Increases Nest Attendance, Brooding and Feeding Rates

Translocation of Threatened New Zealand Falcons to Vineyards Increases Nest Attendance, Brooding and Feeding Rates

The New Zealand falcon and wind farms: a risk assessment framework

New Zealand falcon prey selection may not be driven by preference based on prey nutritional content

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