A possible nearby microlensing stellar remnant hiding in <i>Gaia</i> DR3 astrometry

Jabłońska, Maja; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Rybicki, K.; Kruszyńska, K.; Kaczmarek, Zofia; Penoyre, Zephyr

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244656

“…The third type are astrophysical backgrounds which can mimic PBH induced AML signatures. For example, besides AML events due to PBHs, Gaia is also expected to see AML events due to microlensing caused by foreground stars [47,48], objects formed from stellar collapse [49][50][51], brown dwarfs [52,53], and free floating planets [54]. Another type of astrophysical background could be due to stars which do not follow rectilinear motion.…”

Section: Jcap05(2023)045mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrometric microlensing of primordial black holes with Gaia

Verma

¹

,

Rentala

²

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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The Gaia space telescope allows for unprecedented accuracy for astrometric measurements of stars in the Galaxy. In this work, we explore the sensitivity of Gaia to detect primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter through the distortions that PBHs would create in the apparent trajectories of background stars, an effect known as astrometric microlensing (AML). We present a novel calculation of the lensing probability, and we combine this with the existing publicly released Gaia eDR3 stellar catalog to predict the expected rate of AML events that Gaia will see. We also compute the expected distribution of a few event observables, which will be useful for reducing backgrounds. Assuming that the astrophysical background rate of AML like events due to other sources is negligible, we then compute the potential exclusion that could be set on the parameter space of PBHs with a monochromatic mass function. We find that Gaia is sensitive to PBHs in the range of 0.4 M ⊙–5 × 107 M ⊙, and has peak sensitivity to PBHs of ∼ 10 M ⊙ for which it can rule out as little as a fraction 3 × 10-4 of dark matter composed of PBHs. With this exquisite sensitivity, Gaia has the potential to rule out a PBH origin for the gravitational wave signals seen at LIGO/Virgo. Our novel calculation of the lensing probability includes for the first time, the effect of intermediate duration lensing events, where the lensing event lasts for a few years, but for a period which is still shorter than the Gaia mission lifetime. The lower end of our predicted mass exclusion is especially sensitive to this class of lensing events. As and when time-series data for Gaia is released, and once we have a better understanding of the astrophysical background rate to AML signals, our prediction of the lensing rate and event observable distributions will be useful to estimate the true exclusion/discovery of the PBH parameter space utilizing this data.

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“…This leads to a phenomenon called gravitational lensing, first observed by the astronomer Walsh et al in 1979 [11]. It is currently an active research field with dedicated projects such as the Kilo-Degree survey [12], Gaia Gravitational Lenses group [13], and the strong lensing insights into Dark Energy Survey [14], among others. Our analysis in this paper focuses on strong gravitational lensing, which occurs when the source is almost exactly behind a very massive object, i.e., the lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig 13. The behaviour of the relative magnification r mag as a function of both the parameters α and 2Mγ for the CDM model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^$$ and $$M87^$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field

Molla,

Chaudhary,

Mustafa

et al. 2024

Eur. Phys. J. C

13

0

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We investigate the strong gravitational lensing phenomena caused by a black hole with a dark matter halo in the presence of cloud string and quintessence. This study examines strong gravitational lensing with two significant dark matter models: the universal rotation curve model and the cold dark matter model. To do this, we first numerically estimate the strong lensing coefficients and strong deflection angles for both the universal rotation curve and cold dark matter models. It is observed that the deflection angle, denoted as $$\alpha _D$$ α D , increases with the parameter $$\alpha $$ α while holding the value of $$2M \gamma $$ 2 M γ constant. Additionally, it increases with the parameter $$2M \gamma $$ 2 M γ while keeping the value of $$\alpha $$ α constant. The strong deflection angle $$\alpha _D$$ α D , for the black hole with a dark matter halo, with parameters $$\alpha $$ α and $$2\,M \gamma $$ 2 M γ , greatly enhances the gravitational bending effect and surpasses the corresponding case of the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$ A = B = 0 = α = 2 M γ ). Furthermore, we investigate the astrophysical consequences through strong gravitational lensing observations, using examples of two supermassive black holes, namely $$M87^{*}$$ M 87 ∗ and $$Sgr A^{*}$$ S g r A ∗ , located at the center of nearby galaxies. It is observed that black holes with dark matter halos in the presence of cloud string and quintessence can be quantitatively distinguished and characterized from the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$ A = B = 0 = α = 2 M γ ). The findings in our analysis suggest that observational tests for black holes influenced by dark matter halos, cloud string and quintessence are indeed feasible and viable.

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“…[40] by projecting the sensitivity of Gaia time series data to PBHs using a probabilistic model, and ref. [77] JCAP07(2023)037 reported the possible presence of a dark point-like lens in the observation of a single Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) source based on a poor astrometric model fit. In this work, we faithfully produce mock data sets mimicking Gaia DR4 time series data which include not just statistical noise, but also backgrounds from astrophysical BHs and from binary systems.…”

Section: Jcap07(2023)037 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting dark compact objects in Gaia DR4: A data analysis pipeline for transient astrometric lensing searches

Chen

¹

,

Kongsore

²

,

Tilburg

³

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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The Gaia satellite is cataloging the astrometric properties of an unprecedented number of stars in the Milky Way with extraordinary precision. This provides a gateway for conducting extensive surveys of transient astrometric lensing events caused by dark compact objects. In this work, we establish a data analysis pipeline capable of searching for such events in the upcoming Gaia Data Release 4 (DR4). We use Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) and current dark matter and astrophysical black hole population models to create mock DR4 catalogs containing stellar trajectories perturbed by lensing. Our analysis of these mock catalogs suggests that Gaia DR4 will contain about 4 astrometric lensing events from astrophysical black holes at a 5σ significance level. Furthermore, we project that our data analysis pipeline applied to Gaia DR4 will result in leading constraints on compact dark matter in the mass range 1–103 M ⊙ down to a dark matter fraction of about one percent.

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A possible nearby microlensing stellar remnant hiding in Gaia DR3 astrometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Astrometric microlensing of primordial black holes with Gaia

Astrometric microlensing of primordial black holes with Gaia

Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^$$ and $$M87^$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field

Detecting dark compact objects in Gaia DR4: A data analysis pipeline for transient astrometric lensing searches

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A possible nearby microlensing stellar remnant hiding in Gaia DR3 astrometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Astrometric microlensing of primordial black holes with Gaia

Astrometric microlensing of primordial black holes with Gaia

Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^*$$ and $$M87^*$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field

Detecting dark compact objects in Gaia DR4: A data analysis pipeline for transient astrometric lensing searches

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Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^$$ and $$M87^$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field