A possible use of melatonin in the dental field: Protein adsorption and in vitro cell response on coated titanium

Abstract

Melatonin (MLT) is widely known for regulating the circadian cycles and has been studied for its role in bone regeneration and inflammation. Its application as a coating for dental implants can condition the local microenvironment, affecting protein deposition on its surface and the cellular and tissue response. Using sol-gel coatings as a release vehicle for MLT, the aim of this work was to assess the potential of this molecule in improving the osseointegration and inflammatory responses of a titanium substrate. The materials obtained were physicochemically characterized (scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, roughness, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, Si release, MLT liberation, and degradation) and studied in vitro with MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Although MLT application led to an increased gene expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 in 10MTL, it did not improve ALP activity. On the other hand, MLT-enriched sol-gel materials presented potential effects in the adsorption of proteins related to inflammation, coagulation and angiogenesis pathways depending on the dosage used. Using LC-MS/MS, protein adsorption patterns were studied after incubation with human serum. Proteins related to the complement systems (CO7, IC1, CO5, CO8A, and CO9) were less adsorbed in materials with MLT; on the other hand, proteins with functions in the coagulation and angiogenesis pathways, such as A2GL and PLMN, showed a significant adsorption pattern.

Surface Modification Techniques of Titanium and its Alloys to Functionally Optimize Their Biomedical Properties: Thematic Review

“…Interestingly, Melatonin (MLT), used primarily to regulate the circadian rhythm and its role in bone regeneration and inflammation has been studied. Cerqueira et al (2020) used sol-gel coatings as a release agent for MLT on a titanium substrate, they found that it didn’t improve the ALP activity, but has the potential in the activation and development of pathways. Based on the sol-gel coating, Toirac et al (2020) added two different fungicides (fluconazole and anidulafungin) directly both of them exhibited anti-fungal properties.…”

Characterization of magnesium doped sol-gel biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration: The effect of Mg ion in protein adsorption

“…To examine the effects of the Mg-doped materials on gene expression, the MC3T3-E1 cell line was cultured at a density of 1.75 x 10 4 cells cm -2 for 7 and 14 days and RAW264.7 at a density of 30 x 10 4 cells cm -2 for 2 and 4 days. Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol as described in Cerqueira et al 24 . RNA concentration, integrity, and quality were measured using NanoVue® Plus Spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Little Chalfont, UK).…”

“…For cDNA synthesis, approximately 1 µg of total RNA was converted into cDNA using PrimeScript RT Reagent Kit (Perfect Real Time; TAKARA Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan). The reaction was carried out in a Prime Thermal Cycler (Techne, Staffordshire, UK) as described in Cerqueira et al 24 . The resulting cDNA was diluted in DNase-free water to a concentration suitable for gene expression evaluation.…”

“…The targets studied for each cell line are shown in Supplementary Table 1. Reactions were carried out as described in Cerqueira et al 24 in a StepOne Plus™ Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems®). Fold changes were calculated using the 2 -ΔΔCt method, and data were normalized to blank wells (without materials).…”

Influence of calcium ion-modified implant surfaces in protein adsorption and implant integration

“…Proteins forming part of this layer initiate and regulate processes such as potential foreign body response, inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis and even bone cell activity in the earlier stages of osteogenesis [ 11 , 14 ]. Consequently, the interaction of the biomaterial when exposed to serum proteins can provide preliminary clues to implant designers as to what compositions are more likely to be rejected/accepted by the host, as previously demonstrated in vitro [ 15 , 16 ] and in vivo [ 14 , 17 , 18 ].…”