A potassium-rich iron hexacyanoferrate/dipotassium terephthalate@carbon nanotube composite used for K-ion full-cells with an optimized electrolyte

Liao, Jiaying; Hu, Qiao; Yu, Yan; Wang, Heyang; Tang, Zhongfeng; Zhang, Wen; Chen, Chunhua

doi:10.1039/c7ta05460b

Cited by 162 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Other high‐capacity anode materials that include metals (i.e., Sn, Bi, and Sb) and metal oxides (i.e., MoO 3 and K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) have been proposed. In addition, organic materials (i.e., dipotassium terephthalate and potassium 1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate) have been explored as anodes for KIBs . However, the identification of suitable cathode materials remains a challenge for the realization of KIBs because of the limited charge‐storage sites and large K + radius in the host cathode material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Porphyrin as a Stable Cathode for High‐Performance Rechargeable Potassium Organic Batteries

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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Rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale electrochemical energy‐storage applications because of the abundance and low cost of potassium. However, the development of KIBs is hampered by the lack of stable and high‐capacity cathode materials. Herein, a functionalized porphyrin complex, [5,15‐bis(ethynyl)‐10,20‐diphenylporphinato]copper(II) (CuDEPP), was proposed as a new cathode for rechargeable potassium batteries. Spectroscopy and molecular simulation studies were used to show that both PF6− and K+ interact with the porphyrin macrocycle to allow a four‐electron transfer. In addition, the electrochemical polymerization of the ethynyl functional groups in CuDEPP resulted in the self‐stabilization of the cathode, which was highly stable during cycling. This unique charge storage mechanism enabled CuDEPP to provide a capacity of 181 mAh g−1 with an average potential of 2.8 V (vs. K+/K). These findings could open a pathway towards the design of new stable organic electrodes for KIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Porphyrin as a Stable Cathode for High‐Performance Rechargeable Potassium Organic Batteries

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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“…And the capacity of the full cell could bounce back to 101 mA g −1 when the current density returns to 50 mA g −1 , demonstrating the superior capacity recoverability. The cycle stability of the full cell is further investigated (Figure c), and it could exhibit a long cycle stability over 3000 cycles with a capacity retention of 65% at 600 mA g −1 , which is highly competitive with other potassium‐ion full cells …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium–Organic Battery

et al. 2018

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Na: −2.71 V vs E 0 , Mg: −2.37 V vs E 0 , and Al: −1.66 V vs E 0 ). [28][29][30][31] Up to now, the most investigated cathode materials for PIBs are Prussian blue analogues, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] layered oxides, [39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and organic cathodes. [30,[46][47][48] Specially, the organic electrodes are highly promising for PIBs, considering their low cost, abundance, eco-friendliness, easiness for mass production, and structural diversity. Though tremendous progress has been achieved in LIBs and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by using organic materials as the cathode, the research on organic electrodes for PIBs is sluggish and tepid, which is not merely due to their inferior electrical conductivity but also because of the low rate performance and inferior cycle stability. Moreover, the mass loading, cycle stability, rate performance, and power density of organic cathodes in PIBs are pretty poor, in comparison to the LIBs and SIBs. Therefore, the research on organic cathodes for PIBs has been shelved, even though there are a few reports about the organic cathodes for PIBs. [30,[46][47][48] To overcome these challenges, we developed an ultrafast and highly stable potassium-organic battery using a highly conductive organic cathode in combination with an optimized electrolyte. Consequently, the battery could deliver a high reversible capacity of 126 mA h g −1 at 100 mA g −1 , a superior rate performance (84 mA h g −1 at 5000 mA g −1 ), a high energy density (300.5 W h kg −1 at a power density of 246.3 W kg −1 ), a high power density (9796 W kg −1 at an energy density of 168.5 W h kg −1 ), a long cycle stability (1000 cycles with a capacity of 87.6% at 1000 mA g −1 ), and a high energy efficiency of 89%. Notably, even at an ultrahigh loading of 19.5 mg cm −2 for the active material, it still could deliver a capacity over 101 mA h g −1 (around 2 mA h cm −2 ) and maintain a cycle stability over 550 cycles (more than 8 months). Besides, full cells with this cathode exhibited a superior rate performance and cycle stability. This paper demonstrates the enormous potential of this organic cathode for high power PIBs application and may pave the way for the commercialization of PIBs.Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), the "red 224" pigment, was selected as the organic cathode because of its high capacity and stability in LIBs and SIBs. [49,50] The storage mechanism of PTCDA is that the CO bonds in the PTCDA could transform to COM (M means metal ion, Li, Na, K) when the storage process occurs, and it will return to CO during the deintercalation process. However, the cycle performance and rate performance were inferior for PIBs, according to the literature due to the low electric conductivity and solubleness. [46,48] Hence, in order to enhance the Potassium-organic batteries have a great potential for applications in the grid-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and abundant resources, although they suffer from the inferior cycle stability, fast capacity decay, and low power dens...

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“…Another study utilized KClO 4 /PC to suppress the side reaction of potassium metal. In this study, K 2 TP/CNT electrode could demonstrate a specific capacity of 250 mAh g −1 . The most explored electrolyte for KIB is KPF 6 ‐based electrolytes; however, KFSI‐based electrolyte appears to be stable and shows better capacity retentions and Coulombic efficiencies when it is employed to evaluate the anode performances .…”

Section: Different Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Many recent reports have suggested that the potassium Prussian white materials have much lower (5–8 wt%) water content (due to the weaker hydration of K ions in aqueous media during the material synthesis) as compared to its sodium (15–20 wt%) counter parts . During the preparation of potassium‐based Prussian white, the K ion prefers to occupy most of the Prussian white lattice, resulting in lesser vacancies of [Fe(CN) 6 ] − , which demonstrates better stoichiometry and electrochemical properties . Another advantage of this structure is its enhanced thermal stability.…”

Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Rajagopalan

Tang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

703

401

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Demand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.

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A potassium-rich iron hexacyanoferrate/dipotassium terephthalate@carbon nanotube composite used for K-ion full-cells with an optimized electrolyte

Abstract: K-ion batteries, as an emerging battery system, have attracted tremendous attention in the research community.

Cited by 162 publications

References 39 publications

Copper Porphyrin as a Stable Cathode for High‐Performance Rechargeable Potassium Organic Batteries

Copper Porphyrin as a Stable Cathode for High‐Performance Rechargeable Potassium Organic Batteries

An Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium–Organic Battery

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

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