A Power Of Attorney Legality For Indonesian Citizens From Overseas To Proceed In Indonesian Courts

Abstract

Abstrak
 Surat kuasa dapat diberikan kepada orang lain sebagai delegasi untuk melakukan sesuatu. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Surat Kuasa yang Diberikan WNI dari luar negeri untuk beracara di pengadilan Indonesia. Ini juga membahas validitas dokumen surat kuasa warga negara Indonesia dari Indonesia untuk beracara di pengadilan luar negeri. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari jurnal, artikel, buku, dan situs web sebagai referensi. Syarat surat kuasa yang dibuat di luar negeri adalah untuk menyerahkan dan berpartisipasi dalam ketentuan pengadilan di mana gugatan dapat diterima atau diajukan atau dikenal dengan nama dasar lex fori. Selain itu, surat kuasa luar negeri juga dapat dianggap sah jika dilegalkan oleh Kedutaan Besar setempat, Kementerian Luar Negeri, dan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Legalisasi dilakukan sebagai jaminan hukum bagi pengadilan di Indonesia bahwa memang benar bahwa pembentukan surat kuasa di negara yang bersangkutan agar tidak menimbulkan keraguan. Kita perlu memperhatikan empat persyaratan mutlak yang terkandung dalam SEMA No.2 tahun 1959. Jika salah satu syarat tidak terpenuhi, maka surat kuasa dianggap tidak sah. Itu sebabnya kami merekomendasikan persyaratan tersebut untuk mendapatkan legalisasi surat kuasa.
 Kata kunci : legalitas; luar negeri; pengadilan Indonesia; surat kuasa; WNI 
 Abstract
 A power of attorney can be given to others as a delegation to do things. It is discussed about Indonesian citizens from abroad to be valid to appear in the Indonesian Court. It also discusses the validity of the power of attorney documents of Indonesian citizens from Indonesia to appear in foreign courts. Uses secondary data from journals, articles, books, and internet sites as references. The terms of a power of attorney made abroad are to submit and participate in the provisions of the court where the lawsuit can be received or filed or known by the basic name lex fori. In addition, overseas power of attorney can also be considered valid if legalized by the local Embassy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Legalization is done as a legal assurance for the court in Indonesia that it is true that the creation of a power of attorney in the country concerned so as not to raise doubts. We need to be concerned about the four absolute requirements contained in SEMA No.2 of 1959. If one of the conditions is not fulfilled, then the power of attorney is considered invalid. That's why we recommend filling the conditions to get the legalization of a power of attorney.
 Keywords: foreign; Indonesian citizens; Indonesian courts; legality; power of attorney

The Criminal Liability of Bank-Affiliated Notaries for the Confidentiality Principle of Banks in Connection with Deposit Collateral Agreements

“…Several previous studies have emphasized the importance of Notaries carrying out their duties under applicable laws and regulations to maintain public trust in the profession (Hossain, 2020;Mufasirin & Witasari, 2022). However, despite these requirements, issues often arise in the banking sector when Notaries fail to execute notarial protocols properly or lack the necessary jurisdiction to make a deed (Sujono, 2022). Negligence on the part of Notaries, such as failing to properly record the deed or mention parties, can also invalidate the authenticity of the deed, leading to losses for the parties involved (Jefry & Hanim, 2019).…”