A Power-Optimized Cooperative MAC Protocol for Lifetime Extension in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In wireless sensor networks, in order to satisfy the requirement of long working time of energy-limited nodes, we need to design an energy-efficient and lifetime-extended medium access control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, a node cooperation mechanism that one or multiple nodes with higher channel gain and sufficient residual energy help a sender relay its data packets to its recipient is employed to achieve this objective. We first propose a transmission power optimization algorithm to prolong network lifetime by optimizing the transmission powers of the sender and its cooperative nodes to maximize their minimum residual energy after their data packet transmissions. Based on it, we propose a corresponding power-optimized cooperative MAC protocol. A cooperative node contention mechanism is designed to ensure that the sender can effectively select a group of cooperative nodes with the lowest energy consumption and the best channel quality for cooperative transmissions, thus further improving the energy efficiency. Simulation results show that compared to typical MAC protocol with direct transmissions and energy-efficient cooperative MAC protocol, the proposed cooperative MAC protocol can efficiently improve the energy efficiency and extend the network lifetime.

A Network Lifetime Extension-Aware Cooperative MAC Protocol for MANETs With Optimized Power Control

“…This protocol is designed for a distributed ad-hoc network where there exist no centrally controlled coordination in sharing or allocating network resources. The network lifetime of a node has been defined by many researchers as the average time for a node in the network to totally exhaust it power and quit the network [4], [14], [23]. Since each node is powered by an energy source (battery), its lifetime is a function of its initial energy and energy consumption per unit time.…”

“…In [23], the energy consumed in transmitting the data packet was considered in extending the network lifetime with multiple relaying. The model considered does not reflect the total energy required in CMAC protocol design.…”

“…In this paper, we use the network lifetime as defined in [14], [23], and [28]. We further reduce the transmission energy by optimizing the transmitted power…”

Energy Efficient Range-Free Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…A cooperative MAC has been considered for underwater WSNs in which transmission energy optimization techniques are incorporated in order to prolong the network lifetime [66]. A cross-layer distributed cooperative MAC has been identified where the best cooperative nodes are selected on the basis of residual energy and location information [67]. A new medium access control (MAC) for the DV-HOP localization algorithm has been proposed using the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) protocol sequence to improve the packet transmission success rate [68].…”

Optimising the power using firework‐based evolutionary algorithms for emerging IoT applications

“…proposed a precision agriculture management tool presents the taxonomy of energy-efficient techniques for WSNs that can be used in agricultural monitoring systems [14] energy efficiency maximisation for WSNs ✓ ✗ suboptimal iterative algorithms energy efficiency maximisation problem with constraints QoS, minimum harvested energy and maximum transmission power [30] transmission power optimisation with a minimum node degree ✓ ✗ power optimisation with a minimum nodedegree topology control and optimal transmission range according to node degree and node density [15] balance the energy consumption in a WSN ✓ ✗ dynamic hierarchical protocol based on combinatorial optimisation optimal route is formulated as a combinatorial optimisation problem [31] transmission power optimisation algorithm ✓ ✗ power-optimised cooperative MAC protocol node cooperation mechanism is proposed that one or multiple nodes with higher channel gain and sufficient residual energy…”