A practical beginner’s guide to Raman microscopy

Zapata, Félix; López-Fernández, Adrián; Ortega-Ojeda, Fernando; Montalvo, Gemma; García-Ruiz, Carmen

doi:10.1080/05704928.2020.1797761

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The different adjustable aperture (slit/pinhole) permits better control of the amount of incoming laser radiation. Usually, the slit aperture results in a higher Raman signal than the pinhole aperture [ 12 ]. Therefore, to prevent the cannabis samples from burning, lower laser power (8 mW, at the sample) and a pinhole type-aperture were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small amount (a spatula tip) of every marijuana sample was laid over a microscopy slide covered with aluminum foil and observed with a 10× objective in the Raman microscope. The use of aluminum foil is a common Raman trick to avoid the fluorescence produced by the glass [ 12 ]. The focus was set on the trichome heads because they are the site of the cannabinoid production [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and the THC content is expected to be the highest (15 to 25%) and consequently, there is a stronger spectral signal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification of Various Marijuana Varieties by Raman Microscopy and Chemometrics

Ramos

Montalvo

Cosmi

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The Raman analysis of marijuana is challenging because of the sample’s easy photo-degradation caused by the laser intensity. In this study, optimization of collection parameters and laser focusing on marijuana trichome heads allowed collecting Raman spectra without damaging the samples. The Raman spectra of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN) standard cannabinoids were compared with Raman spectra of five different types of marijuana: four Sativa varieties (Amnesia Haze, Amnesia Hy-Pro, Original Amnesia, and Y Griega) and one Indica variety (Black Domina). The results verified the presence of several common spectral bands that are useful for marijuana characterization. Results were corroborated by the quantum chemical simulated Raman spectra of their acid-form (tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA), cannabidiol acid (CBDA)) and decarboxylated cannabinoids (THC, CBD, and CBN). A chemometrics-assisted method based on Raman microscopy and OPLS-DA offered good classification among the different marijuana varieties allowing identification of the most significant spectral bands.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Various Marijuana Varieties by Raman Microscopy and Chemometrics

Ramos

Montalvo

Cosmi

et al. 2022

Toxics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In-situ Raman spectroscopy is an important and powerful spectroscopic method that can effectively provide such valuable information. Raman spectroscopy involves the inducement of light from a laser with a specific wavelength to matter (i.e., the catalyst). − By doing so, the electron orbit within the molecule is perturbed by the electron moving from the ground state to a higher virtual energy state, causing an induced dipole moment. When the electron falls back to lower vibrational states, scattered light with a specific wavelength is released.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of In-Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemistry to Understand the Mechanisms of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Yoo,

Yesudoss,

Johnson

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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In our ever-growing society, enhanced energy security is needed now more than ever to mitigate large-scale climate change. One avenue for the renewable and sustainable energy transition is through electrochemical processes, such as water electrolysis, where hydrogen is produced through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Currently, however, electrocatalysts for HER are either too costly or do not perform to industrial requirements. To mitigate this, a deeper understanding of the electrocatalytic system, including active site determination and structural reconfiguration, is needed. In-situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry is a powerful method in elucidating the mechanisms of electrocatalytic reactions in practical conditions due to its compatibility with electrolytes, small analysis spot size, high acquisition speed, and relative ease of spectral assignment. For the HER in particular, in-situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry can elucidate the active site location by providing a molecular fingerprint of adsorbed hydrogen onto a catalytic active site. In this Review, we provide an overview of the existing experimental works for HER using in-situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry. We discuss the application to existing electrocatalysts, such as the benchmark Pt-based materials and Pt-free alternatives, and we provide insights on the properties needed for a powerful, yet low-cost, HER electrocatalyst. We also discuss ways this method can be applied to further develop emerging electrocatalyst materials such as MXenes. Finally, we examine pertinent works specifically based on surface sensitive Raman techniques, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which provide a revolutionary direction for future related works. Overall, this Review addresses the urgent need for applications of in-situ spectroelectrochemical methods to advance the discovery of catalysts for carbon-neutral energy.

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From “Tanghulu” to “Sausage”: gold nanosheets-decorated TiO2 nanocolumns/carbon fiber as SERS substrate

Tang

et al. 2023

J Mater Sci

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A practical beginner’s guide to Raman microscopy

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Classification of Various Marijuana Varieties by Raman Microscopy and Chemometrics

Classification of Various Marijuana Varieties by Raman Microscopy and Chemometrics

A Review on the Application of In-Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemistry to Understand the Mechanisms of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

From “Tanghulu” to “Sausage”: gold nanosheets-decorated TiO2 nanocolumns/carbon fiber as SERS substrate

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