A practical guide to modeling low-current quasi-stationary gas discharges: Eigenvalue, stationary, and time-dependent solvers

Abstract

Influence of solution electrical conductivity and ionic composition on the performance of a gas-liquid pulsed spark discharge reactor for water treatment

Conditions for Inception of Relativistic Runaway Discharges in Air

“…For E a > E 0 the system can be initiated by a single runaway electron and leads to very fast multiplication of electrons developing on time scales on the order of d / c . In the conventional positive corona system the E a > E 0 regime is accompanied by growth of electron density that is normally bounded by outflow of plasma through chamber walls containing the discharge, or by space charge effects modifying the applied field E a (Benilov et al., 2021). The gap sizes and electric fields in Figure 3 provide sufficient potential drops for the runaway distribution with $${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{0}}$$ = 7.3 × 10 6 eV cutoff to be valid.…”

“…There is a direct analogy between this photoionization feedback that occurs in the positive corona discharges in air and the relativistic feedback mechanism proposed by Dwyer (2003). The conditions for inception of relativistic runaway discharges in air, however, have not been defined using the same methodology as in the present literature on conventional positive corona discharges in air (Benilov et al., 2021; Naidis, 2005, and references therein). The definition of these conditions at small spatial scales ≤10–100 m (referring to dimensions of lightning leader streamer zones at sea‐level pressure in air) represents a goal of this work.…”

Modelling and experimental evidence of the cathode erosion in a plasma spray torch

“…The boundary condition for the tungsten atoms needs particular attention. It can be derived implying the so called 'twostream approximation' [4,[11][12][13][14]. In this approximation, the densities of particle fluxes moving from the boundary (J + wa ) and to the boundary (J − wa ) are determined.…”

“…Provided that r and J vap are known, J − wa has to be expressed in terms of hydrodynamic parameters. One approximation [14] is to assume that the distribution of tungsten atoms is isotropic and Maxwellian so that…”

“…equation (38) of [12], equation (2.1.12) of [15], equation (11) of [4], and equation ( 9) of [13]. A recent work by Benilov et al [14] discusses limiting cases, where the boundary condition (19) can lead to physically unrealistic results, e.g. when practically all released particles (electrons) are driven to the plasma and do not return to the cathode.…”