A pre-pandemic analysis of the global fertiliser trade network

Spatiotemporal analysis of global grain trade multilayer networks considering topological clustering

“…Spatial scales are mainly divided into global, regional, and national scales, with the global scale studies analyzing trade flows between different countries and the impact of globalization on agriculture (Gutiérrez-Moya et al, 2023;Lun et al, 2021;Niu et al, 2020), while the regional scale studies focus on trade relations within specific regions such as Europe or Asia and regional integration (Guan et al, 2022), while the national scale studies focus on individual countries' trade policies, market structures, and their role in global trade (Kulkarni et al, 2023). In terms of research methods, existing studies commonly employ complex network analyses (Hou et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2015), gravity models (Sartori et al, 2017;Zhou, 2011), clustering analyses (Baron et al, 2020;Saeed & Cullinane, 2023), and factor analyses (Zhang et al, 2019).…”