A Precision Goniometer Polishing Jig

Butz, R.; Krahl-Urban, Bernhard; Mench, K.

doi:10.1063/1.1686162

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…At the present time, using the best methods, an orientational accuracy of ±0.05° [5,8] and a flatness of one-twentieth the wavelength of sodium light [15] have been reported.…”

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Brass and tin are favorite lap materials. Grinding and polishing on laps has produced crystal surfaces flat to one-twentieth the wavelength of sodium light or about 250 Å/cm, which corresponds to only one atomic step for about 4 × 10 5 Pt atoms, measured horizontally [15]. At this level of step density resulting from departures from planarity, the step density owing to misalignment will be the dominant factor, being about 2 orders of magnitude greater for a misalignment of 0.05°.…”

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Grinding and polishing to make highly flat surfaces can be carried out most effectively using rigid soft metal laps that are very flat and contain embedded abrasive particles [13,15,17]. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bennett and Wilson [13], who used a grinding/polishing jig of different design, were not interested in accurate crystal orientation, but showed that lapping of hard crystals on soft metal plates containing embedded abrasive particles could result in surface flatness of the order of one-eighth the wavelength of sodium light. Butz et al [15] described a goniometer-jig combination that was used for both orientation and lapping of crystals to an accuracy of 0.25°and to a flatness of one-twentieth the wavelength of sodium light. Berger et al [17] described a goniometer-jig combination that possessed 2°of crystal tilt freedom, plus translational and azimuthal orientation freedom.…”

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Crystal Fabrication/Orientation

Yates

2015

Experimental Innovations in Surface Science

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The production of small spherical single crystals from Au wire provides a convenient way of doing STM experiments on the various single crystal plane facets which are exposed on the surface [1]. A procedure outlined below has been employed in a number of STM studies on Au(111) and other crystal planes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].Low purity Au wire of 0.3 mm diameter was employed. The wire is first cleaned in piranha solution (3:1 mixture of concentrated H 2 SO 4 with 30 % H 2 O 2 ) to remove organic impurities and then in boiling concentrated HNO 3 to remove transition metals for about 20 min. The impurities from the bulk of the wire are removed by a "zone refining" procedure like that used in the semiconductor industry. The wire is clamped in a ceramic tweezer with the tweezer face horizontal and the wire hanging down. Use a 3 cm portion of the wire. Then bring a tiny hydrogen flame slowly from the lowest end of the wire and start melting it. Due to surface tension effects, the Au melts into a bead. Do this slowly, and as soon as the bead size is about the size of the wire diameter, remove the flame and allow the Au to crystallize. Then reheat, remelt and move the melting front (readily visible) upwards away from the bead. The impurities get stuck at the melting front and you then swipe them upwards from the bead to the junction between the bead and the wire. The impurities also segregate to the Au surface in this process.After two or three cycles of this melting and sweeping procedure, repeat the cleaning procedure (boiling in HNO 3 and aqua regia-a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and HCl which will dissolve Au) to dissolve a portion of the bead. The surface of the Au bead and the interface region between the bead and wire, containing zone-migrated impurities, will dissolve removing the impurities segregated there and the etched bead will appear non-specular. Then repeat the whole procedure several times and finally grow the bead to the desired size less than 1 mm in diameter. Facets will appear on the bead. If you inspect a facet and see a single

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“…At the present time, using the best methods, an orientational accuracy of ±0.05° [5,8] and a flatness of one-twentieth the wavelength of sodium light [15] have been reported.…”

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Crystal Orientation Grinding and Polishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Single Crystal Fabrication/Orientation

Yates

2015

Experimental Innovations in Surface Science

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Preparation of stepped tungsten single crystal surfaces

Butz

Krahl-Urban

Preuss

et al. 1975

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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Tungsten single crystal surfaces orientated at a small angle with respect to a low‐indexed plane can show a terraced structure characterized by flat terraces of the low‐indexed plane with monatomic steps at equal distances. Stepped surfaces can play an essential role in surface processes (adsorption, catalysis). A method is described how stepped tungsten single crystal surfaces can be prepared with an accuracy of better than 15′ in orientation, an overall flatness of better than 1/10 of a wavelength of the Na‐D line, a surface roughness of smaller than 0.05 μm, and without destruction detectable by LEED.

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Single Crystal Orientation, Grinding, and Polishing

Yates¹

1998

Experimental Innovations in Surface Science

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A Precision Goniometer Polishing Jig

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Single Crystal Fabrication/Orientation

Single Crystal Fabrication/Orientation

Preparation of stepped tungsten single crystal surfaces

Single Crystal Orientation, Grinding, and Polishing

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