A predictive model for the formation potential of dichloroacetamide, a nitrogenous disinfection by-product formed during chlorination

Chu, Wenhai; Gao, Naiyun; Yin, Daqiang; Deng, Yang; Templeton, Michael R.

doi:10.1007/s13762-012-0104-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Such knowledge would help in developing a more effective and economical approach to control these precursors when treating coking wastewater. 33 The most striking examples are carboxylic acids functional groups, amino acids, proteins, polypeptide, and carbohydrates. 8 shows the chromatogram of the <1 kDa molecule weight fraction.…”

Section: Precursors Of Thms and Hans In Treated Coking Wastewater By mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…† In general, previous studies have identied a number of precursors which produce high levels of THMs and HANs. 33 The most striking examples are carboxylic acids functional groups, amino acids, proteins, polypeptide, and carbohydrates. In contrast to coking wastewater discharge, nitrogenous heterocyclic and phenols would serves as new DBPs precursors.…”

Section: Precursors Of Thms and Hans In Treated Coking Wastewater By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of disinfection by-product precursors from the discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant

Lin

Xian-rong

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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Coking wastewater discharge can lead to pollution, due to water reuse or release to surface water after the disinfection process. In this work, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the effluent was isolated into 42 classes using molecular weight distribution and resin adsorbents. The trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile formation potential (THMFP and HANFP) from each fraction were measured and correlated with the UVvis absorption and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), and the compounds in the classes as precursors were determined by solid phase extraction, silica chromatography and GC/MS. The resultsshow that the highest SUVA in the >100 kDa faction was 12.1 L mg À1 cm À1 . The lower MW fractions (5-10 kDa, 3-5 kDa, 1-3 kDa and <1 kDa) had similar SUVA of about 4.1 L mg À1 cm À1 . The HiA (Hydrophilic acids) fraction was found to be the most abundant, constituting about 45% of DOC. The THMFP and HANFP show that the DOM fraction with low MW and HiA was the dominant fraction and contributed more precursors. The EEM spectra indicated there were notable amounts of soluble microbial products and aromatic proteins in the >100 kDa fraction. Based on the results of the GC/MS analysis, nitriles, amines, nitrogenous heterocyclics, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, phenols, alcohol, ketones, and organic acids determined were as precursors in the <1 kDa fraction. Both precursors have functional groups with high chlorine reactivity, such as carboxylate salt COO-, aromatic structures C]C, aldehydes and ketones groups C]O, carbohydrates C-C and O-alky group C-O contributing greatly to the formation of disinfection by-production precursors.

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Section: Precursors Of Thms and Hans In Treated Coking Wastewater By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precursors Of Thms and Hans In Treated Coking Wastewater By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of disinfection by-product precursors from the discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant

Lin

Xian-rong

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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“…According to Chu et al [48] proteinacous organic compounds (SMP and aromatic protein) determined by F-EEM, have a significant effect on the prediction of DBP formation potential (i.e., dichloroacetamide). In our study, F-EEM spectra of DOM were acquired to identify five different EEM regions (HA, FA, PI, PII and SMP) for each sample and to calculate the relative abundance of each organic group as detailed by Chen et al [40].…”

Section: Model(s) Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Awad

Leeuwen

Chow

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• Models of THMFP based on the character of precursor organics were developed.• UV 254 , HPSEC-UV and F-EEM provided data that could be used for THMFP prediction.• High removal of humic compounds by enhanced coagulation led to lower THM formation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters used for drinking purposes can vary markedly in character dependent on their sources within catchments. The character of DOM further influences the formation of disinfection by products when precursor DOM present in drinking water reacts with chlorine during disinfection. Here we report the development of models that describe the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMFP) dependent on the character of DOM in waters from discrete catchments with specific land-use and soil textures. DOM was characterized based on UV absorbance at 254 nm, apparent molecular weight and relative abundances of protein-like and humic-like compounds. DOM character and Br concentration (up to 0.5 mg/L) were used as variables in models (R 2 > 0.93) of THMFP, which ranged from 19 to 649 g/L. Chloroform concentration (12 − 594 g/L) and relative abundance (27 − 99%) were first modeled (R 2 > 0.85) and from these, the abundances of bromodichloromethane and chlorodibromomethane estimated using power and exponential functions, respectively (R 2 > 0.98). From these, the abundance of bromoform is calculated. The proposed model may be used in risk assessment of catchment factors on formation of trihalomethanes in drinking water, in context of treatment efficiency for removal of organic matter. a r t i c l e i n f oCrown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Abbreviations: AromDOC, aromatic-organic compounds concentration; Br, bromide ion concentration in raw waters; CHBr2Cl, chloro-dibromomethane formation potential; CHBr3, bromoform formation potential; CHCl2Br, bromo-dichloromethane formation potential; CHCl3, chloroform formation potential; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DOM, dissolved organic matter; FA, percentage abundance of fulvic-like; HA, percentage abundance of humic-like; MW, molecular weight; NOM, natural organics matter; NonAromDOC, non-aromatic-organic compounds concentration; P(1), area under Peak 1; P(2-3), area under peaks 2&3; P(4-5), area under peaks 4&5; P(6-7), area under peaks 6&7; P(8-9), area under peaks 8&9; PI, percentage abundance of protein1-like; PII, percentage abundance of protein2-like; R 2 , coefficient of determination; SE, standard deviation; SMP, percentage abundance of soluble microbial protein-like; SUVA, Specific UV absorbance; THMFP, trihalomethane formation potential; UV254, UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm.

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“…According to the statistics at UNICEF/WHO (2009), fatality cases exceeding 1.5 million are reported yearly as a result of the consumption of insanitary water leading to diarrhoea. Among which, 90 % of the cases involve children below the age of five, and in today's world, a child dies from a water-related disease every 21 s. These shocking revelations demand serious attention from all parties globally on the importance of research on water management and sanitation (Gholikandi et al 2012;Chang et al 2012;Chen et al 2012;Chu et al 2012;Lu and Huang 2012;Luo and Farrell 2013;Nagar et al 2013;Odiyo et al 2012;Wang and Wang 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on common vegetables and legumes as promising plant-based natural coagulants in water clarification

Choy

Prasad

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

169

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Coagulation and flocculation provide a rather straightforward method towards water clarification. However, ongoing debates over worrying health issues linked to chemical coagulants have paved the way to develop plantbased natural coagulants. Natural coagulants are not only water clarifying agents, but they also have antimicrobial and heavy metal removal properties in some instances. These are highly attractive in the transformation of raw surface water into potable drinking water. A total of 14 plant-based natural coagulants categorized as common vegetables and legumes are identified and presented collectively in this comprehensive review. The two main coagulation mechanisms leading to the observed coagulation activities are postulated to be charge neutralization and bridging. Turbidity removal efficiencies were proven to be greatly affected by pH variations and the dosage of natural coagulants used. The existing research gaps are acknowledged in this work to provide a platform towards the necessity of further research in the water treatment processes.

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A predictive model for the formation potential of dichloroacetamide, a nitrogenous disinfection by-product formed during chlorination

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Identification of disinfection by-product precursors from the discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant

Identification of disinfection by-product precursors from the discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

A review on common vegetables and legumes as promising plant-based natural coagulants in water clarification

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