A preliminary analysis of the formation of travertine and travertine cones in the Jifei hot spring, Yunnan, China

Liu, Yaping; Zhou, Xun; Fang, Bin; Zhou, Hairong; Yamanaka, Tsutomu

doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1413-1

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Mounds from Shiqiang [46] and Rongma, China [47] are good examples of this process. Diameters of travertine mounds have normally been described to range from some decimeters to a few meters [8,[46][47][48][49][50][51]; at the same time, their height can reach 14 m (e.g., "Liberty Cap" in Yellowstone National Park, United States [8]). The most impressive mound can be found in Iran (Zendané Soleyman) and is characterized by a height of ca.…”

Section: Fissure Ridges Vs Moundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fissure Ridges: A Reappraisal of Faulting and Travertine Deposition (Travitonics)

et al. 2021

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The mechanical discontinuities in the upper crust (i.e., faults and related fractures) lead to the uprising of geothermal fluids to the Earth’s surface. If fluids are enriched in Ca2+ and HCO3-, masses of CaCO3 (i.e., travertine deposits) can form mainly due to the CO2 leakage from the thermal waters. Among other things, fissure-ridge-type deposits are peculiar travertine bodies made of bedded carbonate that gently to steeply dip away from the apical part where a central fissure is located, corresponding to the fracture trace intersecting the substratum; these morpho-tectonic features are the most useful deposits for tectonic and paleoseismological investigation, as their development is contemporaneous with the activity of faults leading to the enhancement of permeability that serves to guarantee the circulation of fluids and their emergence. Therefore, the fissure ridge architecture sheds light on the interplay among fault activity, travertine deposition, and ridge evolution, providing key geo-chronologic constraints due to the fact that travertine can be dated by different radiometric methods. In recent years, studies dealing with travertine fissure ridges have been considerably improved to provide a large amount of information. In this paper, we report the state of the art of knowledge on this topic refining the literature data as well as adding original data, mainly focusing on the fissure ridge morphology, internal architecture, depositional facies, growth mechanisms, tectonic setting in which the fissure ridges develop, and advantages of using the fissure ridges for neotectonic and seismotectonic studies.

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Section: Fissure Ridges Vs Moundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fissure Ridges: A Reappraisal of Faulting and Travertine Deposition (Travitonics)

et al. 2021

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“…The Tengchong volcanic area is part of the Tengchong block, which developed along the eastern collision boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates (Liao Zhijie et al, 1991;Du et al, 2005;Zhang Xiying et al, 2008;Deng Jun et al, 2010). The Jifei geothermal field, occupying an area of approximately 4000 m 2 , is characterized by numerous hot springs, travertine cones, and exposed limestone (Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are twelve spring vents, lying at altitudes between 1138 and 1206 m, with water temperatures ranging from 35 to 81°C (Liu et al, 2012). The samples examined in this investigation were collected from a spring vent that is located at the base of the "Female Tower", which is characterized by two travertine cones.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomediated Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in a Slightly Acidic Hot Spring, Yunnan Province

Jiang

Qiao

2017

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition

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A slightly acidic hot spring named “Female Tower” (t=73.5°C, pH=6.64) is located in the Jifei Geothermal Field, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The precipitates in the hot spring are composed of large amounts of calcite, aragonite and sulfur. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal that the microbial mats were formed from various coccoid or rod‐shaped filamentous microbes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the intracellular sulfur granules are commonly associated with these microbes. A culture‐independent molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the majority of the bacteria in the spring are sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria. In the spring water, H2S concentration is up to 60 ppm, while SO42−concentration is only about 10 ppm. We speculate that H2S might derive from sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria in this hot spring water, leading to the intracellular formation of sulfur granules. Meanwhile, this reaction increased the pH in the micron‐scale microdomains, which fosters the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the microbial mats. The results of this study indicate that the sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria might play an important role in calcium carbonate precipitation in slightly acidic hot spring environments.

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“…Kawai et al (2009) proposed that the precipitation rate of CaCO 3 is mainly controlled by Ca and alkalinity, which is relatively low when Ca concentrations are less than 65 mg/L. However, the precipitations of travertine from the Jifei hot spring in western Yunnan of China took place on a cliff face when the concentration of Ca is 58.1 mg/L (Liu et al, 2012;Jones and Peng, 2016). The high concentrations of Ca and Mg of hot springs can arise apparently saturation with respect to calcite and aragonite when the thermal groundwater rises to the surface with the CO 2 -outgassing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrochemical ion pair CaCO30 on the deposition of travertine from the Heinitang hot springs in Yunnan of China

Liu

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Heinitang hot spring is located in the western Yunnan of China and lies in the Tibet-Yunnan geothermal zone and the Tengchong Block. The hot water is of HCO3-Ca*Na type and the F concentration is relatively high (ranging from 3.8 to 5 mg/L). Fossil travertine mounds and cones and new travertine are found at the spring vents. Hydrochemical analyses indicate that the primary factor affecting the deposition of travertine is the concentration of ion pair CaCO30 in the Heinitang hot springs. The Heinitang hot spring shows a positive correlation between the concentration of CaCO30 and the saturation index with respect to aragonite, calcite and dolomite. They are not linearly related, but have an exponential relationship. When the aragonite, calcite and dolomite are in the state of dissolved equilibrium, the corresponding concentrations of CaCO30 are 0.01 mmol/L, 0.008 mmol/L and 0.012 mmol/L, respectively, indicating that the precipitation of travertine can occur when the concentration of CaCO30 is higher than 0.008 mmol/L. In addition, the concentrations of CaCO30 in the Heinitang hot springs decrease gradually with the deposition of travertine. The precipitation of travertine cannot occur when the concentration of CaCO30 decreases to lower than 0.008 mmol/L.

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A preliminary analysis of the formation of travertine and travertine cones in the Jifei hot spring, Yunnan, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Fissure Ridges: A Reappraisal of Faulting and Travertine Deposition (Travitonics)

Fissure Ridges: A Reappraisal of Faulting and Travertine Deposition (Travitonics)

Biomediated Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in a Slightly Acidic Hot Spring, Yunnan Province

Effect of hydrochemical ion pair CaCO30 on the deposition of travertine from the Heinitang hot springs in Yunnan of China

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