A Preliminary Study of Diagnostic Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis

Murata, Daiki; Misumi, Kazuhiro; Fujiki, Makoto

doi:10.1292/jvms.12-0177

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These changes in mechanical properties are expected to alter the deformability and stiffness of tendons . The difference in deformability between diseased and normal tissues must be great enough to be detected with elastography for this to be a clinically useful modality . Through evaluation of injuries of the Achilles tendon in people, there was appreciable softness in acute injuries with gradual increases in stiffness as healing progressed .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, diagnosis of these injuries is most commonly made via clinical evaluation in combination with gray‐scale ultrasonography. While gray‐scale ultrasound provides important morphologic information and correlates well with histologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, it does not allow evaluation of the mechanical properties of tissues and is incapable of predicting injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) . The viscoelastic properties of both human and equine tendons and ligaments and their response to stress and strain have been evaluated in vitro .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elastographic Characteristics of the Metacarpal Tendons in Horses Without Clinical Evidence of Tendon Injury

Lustgarten

Redding

Labens

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Tendon and ligament injuries are common causes of impaired performance in equine athletes. Gray-scale ultrasonography is the current standard method for diagnosing and monitoring these injuries, however this modality only provides morphologic information. Elastography is an ultrasound technique that allows detection and measurement of tissue strain, and may provide valuable mechanical information about equine tendon and ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, reproducibility, and repeatability of elastography; and to describe elastographic characteristics of metacarpal tendons in sound horses. Nineteen legs for 17 clinically sound horses without evidence of musculoskeletal pathology were included. Elastographic images of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and the branches of the suspensory ligament (tendon of the interosseous muscle) were described quantitatively and qualitatively. There was no statistically significant difference between operators (P = 0.86) nor within operators (P = 0.93). For qualitative assessments, reproducibility (0.46) was moderate and repeatability (0.78) was good. Similar to human Achilles tendons, equine tendons were classified as predominantly hard using elastography. There was no statistically significant difference in stiffness of the flexor tendons (P = 0.96). No significant difference in stiffness was found with altered leg position during standing (P = 0.84) and while nonweight bearing (P = 0.61). The flexor tendons were softer when imaged in longitudinal versus transverse planes (P < 0.01) however, the suspensory branches were not (P = 0.67). Findings supported future clinical application of elastography as a noninvasive "stall-side" imaging modality for evaluation of the tendons and ligaments of the distal forelimb in horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastographic Characteristics of the Metacarpal Tendons in Horses Without Clinical Evidence of Tendon Injury

Lustgarten

Redding

Labens

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The role of persistent intra-tendinous vascularization is seen controversial in the literature. Traditionally, persistent vascularization has been interpreted as a sign of inadequate healing and incomplete repair (Kristoffersen et al 2005, Murata et al 2012), but it is not clear in the literature for how many months the vascularization should be visible, so that it can be called persistent. On the contrary, Bosch and others (2011a) reported that 23 weeks after intra-tendinous PRP treatment, the PRP treated tendons presented a higher CDU vascularization score than saline treated tendons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Autologous Conditioned Plasma® (ACP) on the healing of surgically induced core lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendon

Estrada¹,

Weeren²,

Lest³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Tendon pathologies are among the most common musculoskeletal disorders in horses. After damage the tendon repairs by forming disorganized scar tissue that is of inferior functional quality than normal tendon, leading to high re-injury rates. Many of the currently available treatment modalities cannot significantly reduce this high recurrence rate. Autologous Conditioned Plasma (ACP, Arthrex Inc., USA) has been described in the literature as a leukocyte-reduced platelet concentrate. This blood product has been used in equine and human medicine for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. However, the effect of this therapeutical approach on tendon healing is unknown. Core lesions were surgically induced in the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendons (SDFT) of both fore-and hindlimbs in eight healthy horses. At days 7 and 15 after lesion induction one randomly assigned fore-and hindlimb was treated with ACP and the contralateral one with saline. This study used data from the forelimbs SDFTs only. Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic parameters monitored throughout the study did not differ significantly at any time point. 22 weeks after the last treatment, the ACP treated tendons presented a significantly lower concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to saline. Other compositional, biomechanical and histological parameters presented no significant differences. Our study indicates that 2 intra-tendinous ACP treatments (without anticoagulant) during the proliferative phase of healing in surgically induced tendon core lesions have a limited effect on tendon healing when comparing ultrasonographic, biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters with the control treatment. Long-term placebo controlled clinical trials with more horses are warranted to determine if this effect is clinically significant.Keywords: horse / platelet concentrate / Autologous Conditioned Plasma (ACP) / tendon / healing / model / orthopedics Auswirkungen von Autologous Conditioned Plasma ® (ACP) in der Heilung von chirurgischen induzierten Kernläsionen der oberflächlichen Beugesehne des Pferdes Sehnenerkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates beim Pferd. Nach einer Läsion werden die Sehnen in der Regel durch unorganisierte Bildung von Narbengewebe repariert. Die reparierten Strukturen zeigen eine niedrige funktionale Qualität, was zu einer hohen Wiederverletzungsrate führt. Viele der derzeit verfügbaren Behandlungsmethoden können diese hohe Rezidivrate nicht reduzieren, was eine Fortsetzung der Suche nach verbesserten Therapien vorantreibt. Autologous Conditioned Plasma ® (ACP, Arthrex Inc., USA) ist in der Literatur als ein leukozytenreduziertes Thrombozytenkonzentrat beschrieben worden, welches zur Behandlung von Sehnen-und Bänderverletzungen in der Pferd -und Humanmedizin verwendet wurde. Jüngste Studien deuten an, dass diese Therapieform die Sehnenheilung effektiver als andere Thrombozytenkonzentrate fördern könnte. Allerdings ist der Effekt dies...

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“…CD signal was in contrary detected in affected SDFT and suspensory ligament (Kristoffersen et al, 2005). More recently, other authors stated that blood flows appearing on CD images of equine SDFT were indicative of vessels in residual inflammatory granulation tissue replenishing the injured tendon, concluding that CD images could provide another ultrasonographic method for differentiating between inflammatory granulation and hypovascular scar tissues during the remodeling phase of tendon healing (Murata et al, 2012). Power Doppler (PD), unlike CD, is independent of the probe being aligned to the flow and can detect abnormal vascularity in tendons with higher sensitivity compared to CD (Richards et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Power Doppler to investigate superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in the horse

et al. 2020

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Background: Recent advances in tendinopathy research have focused on tendon vascularization detected with Color Doppler (CD) ultrasound. The use of CD has also been described in horses in a study on chronic lesions of superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of power Doppler (PD) signal in horses with superficial digital flexor tendinopathy. Methods: Twenty-five horses with tendinopathy were included and 10 healthy horses with no lameness and no ultrasonographic abnormalities were used for comparison. Results: In all horses with tendinopathy, the PD signal was visible while normal tendons with no abnormalities in B-mode were PD signal-free. Conclusion: We can speculate that PD could provide essential information about the healing process than the grayscale ultrasound.

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A Preliminary Study of Diagnostic Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Elastographic Characteristics of the Metacarpal Tendons in Horses Without Clinical Evidence of Tendon Injury

Elastographic Characteristics of the Metacarpal Tendons in Horses Without Clinical Evidence of Tendon Injury

Effects of Autologous Conditioned Plasma® (ACP) on the healing of surgically induced core lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendon

Power Doppler to investigate superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in the horse

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