A Premixed Green Propellant Consisting of N2o and C2h4: Experimental Analysis of Quenching Diameters to Design Flashback Arresters

Werling, Lukas; Jooß, Yannick; Wenzel, Maximilian; Ciezki, Helmut; Schlechtriem, Stefan

doi:10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2019027950

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Beside the mentioned advantages, nitrous oxide fuel blends provide some non-minor challenges: Very high combustion temperatures (> 3000 K) require an active cooling of the nozzle and combustion chamber. Furthermore the propulsion system needs proper flashback arresters and newly designed ignition and injection systems [26,27]. If a flame flashback or an unwanted ignition occurs, the flame could propagate into the propellant tank and destroy the entire spacecraft.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Fuels Blends (Nofbx) or Mixtures Of Hydrocarbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Werling

Bätz

2022

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Currently several green propellants are under investigation to replace the toxic and carcinogenic monopropellant hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ). Beside alternatives as Ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based propellants, Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based mixtures or high concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), mixtures of fuels with nitrous oxide -called HyNOx or NOFBX represent promising green propellants. Compared to classical hydrazine, N 2 O/fuel mixtures offer a higher performance ( , * ), no or low toxicity and low propellant costs. To investigate the handling and performance of a propellant mixture consisting of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ethene (C 2 H 4 ), hot gas combustion tests with an experimental combustor were conducted. This paper summarizes the results of 134 combustion tests conducted with the premixed propellant injected in gaseous state. Calculated and measured performance ( * and * ) depending on mixture ratio, characteristic combustion chamber length ( * ) and chamber pres-* ℎ

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Section: Nitrous Oxide Fuels Blends (Nofbx) or Mixtures Of Hydrocarbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Werling

Bätz

2022

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…These instabilities increase the surface of the flame front and thus accelerate the flame. Therefore with increasing pressure prior to ignition the average flame propagation speed rises [40,41].…”

Section: Fig 15: Ignition Test Section For Investigation Of Flame Arresters (Porous Materials and Capillaries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous Oxide Fuels Blends: Research on Premixed Monopropellants at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) since 2014

Werling

Hörger

Manassis

et al. 2020

AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum

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In 2014 DLR started research activities focused on premixed monopropellants consisting of nitrous oxide and hydrocarbons. Those propellants offer promising characteristics as they are non-toxic, deliver a high I sp consist of components with low cost and could simplify a propulsion system due to self-pressurized operation. Initially DLR chose a mixture of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ethene (C 2 H 4 ). In the course of the project, a mixture of nitrous oxide and ethane (C 2 H 6 ) was included to the research activities. The activities are part of DLR's Future Fuels project and divided into five main parts: 1) investigations of the combustion behavior of the propellant in a rocket combustor, 2) testing and developing of flame arresters, 3) development and reduction of reaction mechanisms, 4) numerical simulations of the combustion process and 5) basic miscibility investigations. The emphasis within the project is on the first three tasks, while the last two tasks are used to widen the knowledge about the Head Facilities Group, Propellants Department, AIAA Member.

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“…A gelled propellant behaves like a solid at rest (see Figure 21), but shall otherwise be easily liquefied by sufficiently high shear stresses (shear-thinning fluid). For shear rates usually In addition to the rocket combustor tests, a specific ignition and flashback test setup was used to test porous materials and capillaries as flashback arresters [87,88]. Those experiments provided data to design suitable flame barriers for the experimental thruster and served as reference experiments for numerical simulations.…”

Section: Approach and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Fuels—Analyses of the Future Prospects of Renewable Synthetic Fuels

et al. 2019

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The Future Fuels project combines research in several institutes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) on the production and use of synthetic fuels for space, energy, transportation, and aviation. This article gives an overview of the research questions considered and results achieved so far and also provides insight into the multidimensional and interdisciplinary project approach. Various methods and models were used which are embedded in the research context and based on established approaches. The prospects for large-scale fuel production using renewable electricity and solar radiation played a key role in the project. Empirical and model-based investigations of the technological and cost-related aspects were supplemented by modelling of the integration into a future electricity system. The composition, properties, and the related performance and emissions of synthetic fuels play an important role both for potential oxygenated drop-in fuels in road transport and for the design and certification of alternative aviation fuels. In addition, possible green synthetic fuels as an alternative to highly toxic hydrazine were investigated with different tools and experiments using combustion chambers. The results provide new answers to many research questions. The experiences with the interdisciplinary approach of Future Fuels are relevant for the further development of research topics and co-operations in this field.Synthetic fuels based on renewable energies (RE) are widely seen as a key element to achieving climate-neutral transport (e.g., [1,2]). As liquid hydrocarbons have a high energy and power density, they are primarily discussed as fuels for (heavy) road vehicles, ships, and aircraft. Due to their low storage and transport losses, they are also conceivable as a complementary long-term electricity storage option [3]. The challenges of producing and implementing these fuels are manifold. Chemical processes and renewable electrical or thermal energy can be used to produce liquid hydrocarbons from various carbon sources and hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen). Synthetic fuels have several advantages: they can be easily integrated into our existing energy and mobility infrastructures, can be used in all areas of the transport sector, and they can be optimized with regard to their chemical properties. The main disadvantages are the high energy losses and production costs.In this research context, eleven research groups at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) are working together on the Future Fuels project on synthetic fuels. The aim of the interdisciplinary approach is to realize synergies and joint research activities, as well as new research impulses through different perspectives. The scientists and engineers are investigating how synthetic fuels can be produced using solar energy and electrolysis processes (Solar Fuels), and are developing concepts for the re-conversion of these fuels into electricity. They are working on emission-optimized fuels for transport and aviation (Designer Fuels), as well as advanced space ap...

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A Premixed Green Propellant Consisting of N2o and C2h4: Experimental Analysis of Quenching Diameters to Design Flashback Arresters

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Nitrous Oxide Fuels Blends: Research on Premixed Monopropellants at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) since 2014

Future Fuels—Analyses of the Future Prospects of Renewable Synthetic Fuels

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