A Preservative-and-Fluorescein Interaction Model for Benign Multipurpose Solution–Associated Transient Corneal Hyperfluorescence

Bright, Frank V.; Merchea, Mohinder; Kraut, Nadine D.; Maziarz, E. Peter; Liu, X. Michael; Awasthi, Alok K.

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e31824a2083

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Truong et al (2005) demonstrated increases in corneal permeability to two different MPSs in non-CL-wearing subjects, after short-term exposure. Bright et al (2012) observed that the character of the pattern, the intensity of the fluorescence (Jones et al, 2002;Andrasko and Ryen, 2008;Ward, 2008), the general lack of an associated limbal or bulbar hyperemia or corneal infiltrates (Pritchard et al, 2003;Garafolo et al, 2005) or other short-or long-term complications (Barr, 2006;Ward, 2008;Willcox et al, 2008), contrasted with events accompanying pathological staining in ocular surface diseases such as dry eye or BZK toxicity. Bright has proposed, instead, that the transient hyperfluorescence is a para-phenomenon related to interactions between the preservative, the epithelium and fluorescein (Bright et al, 2012).…”

Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Bright et al have provided an alternative explanation (Bright et al, 2012). Using liposomes composed of the major phospholipids of human corneal epithelium, they found that the preservatives PHMB and PQ-1, which exist as cations or polycations in solution (Gilbert and Moore, 2005;Blackburn et al, 2006;Bruinsma et al, 2006), were adsorbed to these simulated epithelial cell membranes and while thus bound, could also bind the fluorescein dianion.…”

Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Carney cited a value of 7.45 (±0.16) in the waking state (Carney and Hill, 1976), with a range of 6.92e8.00, but values ranging from 5.2e8.6 are cited in the literature (see Carney and Hill, 1976). At a pH of around 7.4, fluorescein is mainly in the form of the dianion (FL 2À ), absorbing between 450 and 500 nm and emitting between 500 and 600 nm (Klonis and Sawyer, 1996;Bright et al, 2012). At pH 7.4, about 20% of the dye is in an undissociated, uncharged state which shows negligible fluorescence.…”

Section: Dyes In Current Use For Staining the Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The fraction of hyperfluorescent cells is increased by MPS exposure without an increase in cell death (Bakkar et al, 2014). This reaction has been referred to as Solution-Induced Corneal Staining (SICS) or Preservative-Associated Transient Hyperfluorescence (PATH) (Bright et al, 2012). Bandamwar et al (Bandamwar et al, 2010) recorded the development of corneal staining in subjects wearing PureVision™ SiHy lenses stored for 12 h overnight in ReNu Multiplus ® an MPS-containing Polyaminopropyl Biguanide 0.0001%.…”

Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 98%

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Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations

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Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Dyes In Current Use For Staining the Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fluorescein Spread Within the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 98%

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Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations

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“…Microbial adhesion to surfaces coated bywithproteins and other biomolecules is often accomplished by a class of molecules termed Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMM), as well as other adhesive surface proteins [33]. In a moving suspension, cells are exposed to fairly uniform conditions.…”

Section: Role Of Contact Lenses In Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Biofilms in Fungal Keratitis- An Overview

Sharma

Singh

Goel

et al. 2017

JBMOA

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Biofilms are generally defined as a community of sessile microbes held together by a polymeric extracellular matrix (ECM), adherent to a surface that are phenotypic ally distinct from their plank tonic counterparts. Fungal keratitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity in the form of corneal opacity and visual loss, especially in developing countries. Predisposing factors for fungal keratitis include tropical or subtropical climate, agricultural work, contact lens users and corneal trauma. Fungal keratitis is most commonly caused by filamentous fungi like Fusarium spp. (F. solani and F. oxysporum) followed by Aspergillus spp. and dematiaceous fungi. Fungal biofilm formation plays an important role in the development of fungal keratitis. Here in this review, we will be discussing the formation of biofilms and its role in fungal keratitis. Keywords: Fungal KeratitisFungal keratitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity in the form of corneal opacity and visual loss especially in developing countries, where it may account for nearly half of corneal ulcers [23]. Predisposing factors for fungal keratitis include tropical or subtropical climate, agricultural work, contact lens users and corneal trauma. Fungal keratitis is most commonly caused by filamentous fungi like Fusarium spp. (F. solani and F. oxysporonoxysporum) followed by Aspergillus spp. and dematiaceous fungi [23,24] (Figure 2). Contact Lens-Associated Fungal KeratitisHigh risk of fungal keratitis in contact lens wearers has been associated with the ability of the lens to induce modification of the corneal epithelium and to carry organisms to the ocular surface [25,26]. Use of lens induces local alterations like hypoxia and hypercapnia, which affect the ability of the epithelium to respond to damage. Tear fluid exchange may also be compromised between the anterior and posterior sides of the lens thereby limiting its antimicrobial properties [25]. In addition, contact lenses provide a surface where microorganisms may attach and colonize the surface as a biofilm and can spread to a previously damaged corneal epithelium [26]. Poor hygiene and infrequent replacement of the contact lens storage cases are independent risk factors for moderate and sever keratitis [27]. The incidence of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis has been shown to be impacted by thecontact lens material, and also by the wear schedule. Higher risk for development of keratitis was seen with daily wear soft contact lenses compared to daily wear rigid gas permeable lenses, and it was further increased for extended wear (overnight wear) soft contact lenses [28,29]. Recently introduced daily disposable and silicone hydrogel contact lenses have also been associated with higher incidence of keratitis compared to rigid gas permeable contact lenses [30,31]. Role of Contact Lenses in Biofilm FormationOnce the lens is placed on the surface of the eye, the disinfectant diffuses off the lens and is replaced by lipids and proteins present in the tear fluid [32]. Microbial adh...

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A Preservative-and-Fluorescein Interaction Model for Benign Multipurpose Solution–Associated Transient Corneal Hyperfluorescence

Cited by 34 publications

References 65 publications

Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations

Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations

Role of Biofilms in Fungal Keratitis- An Overview

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