A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards

Zang, Mingdong; Peng, Jianbing; Xu, Nengxiong; Jia, Zhijie

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87995-1

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Nonetheless, loose sediment can also react rigidly in non‐permafrost environments, as illustrated (e.g. by earth fissures as reported from presently tectonically active regions; Zang et al, 2021). These earth fissures can develop at the surface in unconsolidated sediment under the influence of tectonism, faulting and human intervention (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Hardt

Norden

Bauer

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Loading and unloading effects of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet triggered halotectonic movements in Northern Germany. We present newly detected geomorphological features-termed surface cracks-which indicate a relation between ice sheetinduced salt movement and surface processes. As a part of the Central European Basin System, numerous Zechstein salt structures are abundant in the North German Basin. On the basis of high-resolution digital terrain data, more than 160 surface cracks were mapped in Northern Germany, which were grouped into 30 clusters. Almost all of the surface cracks occur above the top regions of Zechstein salt structures. The surface cracks can be several kilometres long, up to more than 20 m deep and more than 100 m wide. The comparison of the shape of the salt structures and the orientation of the cracks reveals a geometric dependency, indicating that the cracks preferably occur near the crest margins of the salt structures. Furthermore, 3D seismic data from two sites show that subsurface faults originating from salt movement exist beneath the surface cracks. We interpret the cracks as surface ruptures due to ice sheet-induced halotectonic movements. The cracks occur in a variety of Quaternary sediments and landforms. This indicates that widespread halokinetic movements occurred in the region after the last (Weichselian) deglaciation and likely before the thawing of the permafrost, possibly in a time frame from c. 30-20 ka until c. 15 ka.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nonetheless, loose sediment can also react rigidly in non-permafrost environments, as illustrated (e.g. by earth fissures as reported from presently tectonically active regions; Zang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Suggested Formation Processmentioning

confidence: 93%

Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Hardt

Norden

Bauer

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The Fenwei basin is in the north-south tensile stress and appears S-shaped with ground fissures due to the continuous eastward extrusion of the crustal blocks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Figure 1B) (Yueqiao et al, 2006;Peng et al, 2007). As the main component of the Fenwei basin, the Taiyuan basin is a Cenozoic rift basin with 148 km in length, 48 km in width, and 6,200 km 2 in area (Zang et al, 2021). The west and east of the Taiyuan basin are Luliang Mountain and Taihang Mountain, respectively (Figure 1C) (Li et al, 2015).…”

Section: Engineering Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model test study on the dynamic response of high-speed railway subgrade crossing ground fissure zone

et al. 2023

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Ground fissure is a typical geohazard widely developed in China, which brings serious geological challenges to the construction and safe operation of the Chinese high-speed railways. However, the dynamic response mechanism of high-speed railway natural subgrade crossing the ground fissure zone is unclear. In this study, a new trainload excitation equipment that can simulate moving train loads was developed. The model test was carried out on the dynamic responses of the natural subgrade of high-speed railway crossing ground fissure zone under moving train loads. The results show that the ground fissure had a great influence on the acceleration response of the subgrade across the ground fissure zone, and the average peak acceleration value of the subgrade in the hanging wall was greater than the footwall. Along the longitudinal direction of the railway, the dynamic Earth pressure of the subgrade in the hanging wall was significantly greater than that in the footwall of the ground fissure and is about 2.5 times than that in the footwall, demonstrating a typical hanging wall amplification effect. The displacement amplitude on the subgrade and ground surface in the hanging wall was larger than that in the footwall of ground fissure. The attenuation rate of peak acceleration, dynamic velocity, and displacement in the hanging wall along the depth direction was more evident than that of the footwall of ground fissure. For the natural subgrade of high-speed railway crossing ground fissure zone, the critical influence depth of moving train load was about 12 m below the subgrade surface.

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“…Ground fissures, known as Earth fissures, are defined as linear fractures with openings or offsets arising from the land surface 1 . Ground fissures develop due to the influence of various geological and human activities, and can create disasters in populated areas 2 . In September 1927, the first modern ground fissure was discovered in Arizona, USA 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deep origin of ground fissures in the Kenya Rift Valley

Jia

Peng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Intense volcanic and geothermal activities characterize the Great Rift Valley of East Africa. Ground fissure disasters of the Great Rift Valley have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Through field investigations, trenching, geophysical exploration, gas sampling and analysis, we determined the distribution and origin of 22 ground fissures within the Kedong Basin of the Central Kenya Rift. These ground fissures caused varying degrees of damage to roads, culverts, railways, and communities. Trenching and geophysical exploration have shown that ground fissures in sediments are connected to rock fractures with gas escaping. The gases expelled from the rock fractures contained methane and SO2, which were absent in the normal atmosphere, and 3He/4He ratios in gases measured further indicated that the volatiles were derived from the mantle, suggesting that these rock fractures extended deep into the underlying bedrock. Spatial correlations with rock fractures demonstrate the deep origin of these ground fissures, which are associated with active rifting, plate separation, and volcanism. The ground fissures are formed due to movement on the deeper rock fractures, and then the gas escapes through the fissures. Determining the unusual origin of these ground fissures can not only guide infrastructure development and urban planning but also contribute to the safety of local communities.

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A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Model test study on the dynamic response of high-speed railway subgrade crossing ground fissure zone

The deep origin of ground fissures in the Kenya Rift Valley

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