A prognostic pollen emissions model for climate models (PECM1.0)

Wozniak, M. C.; Steiner, Allison L.

doi:10.5194/gmd-10-4105-2017

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The simulated monthly mean pollen emissions potential (grains per square meter per day; Figure 2a), or the maximum possible daily pollen emission flux prescribed to RegCM4 from Pollen Emissions for Climate Models (PECM1.0; Wozniak & Steiner, 2017;Methods), shows the emergence of pollen in March in the southeastern and southwestern United States, increases throughout the continental United States with a maximum in the Western United States in April, and maximum pollen potential in the Northern United States in May. On the regional scale, the atmospheric SPP burden (SPPs per square meter) seasonally follows the spatial patterns of the pollen emission potential, with differences arising due to meteorological factors such as wind, RH, and precipitation affecting SPP production and transport (Text S1).…”

Section: Rupture Mechanism and The Dispersal Of Pollen And Sppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions

Wozniak¹,

Solmon

Steiner

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Pollen grains emitted from vegetation can rupture, releasing subpollen particles (SPPs) as fine atmospheric particulates. Previous laboratory research demonstrates potential for SPPs as efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We develop the first model of atmospheric pollen grain rupture and implement the mechanism in regional climate model simulations over spring pollen season in the United States with a CCN‐dependent moisture scheme. The source of SPPs (surface or in‐atmosphere) depends on region and sometimes season, due to the distribution of relative humidity and rain. Simulated concentrations of SPPs are approximately 1–10 or 1–1,000 cm−3, depending on the number of SPPs produced per pollen grain (nspg). Lower nspg (103) produces a negligible effect on precipitation, but high nspg (106) in clean continental CCN background concentrations (100 CCN per cubic centimeter) shows that SPPs suppress average seasonal precipitation by 32% and shift rates from heavy to light while increasing dry days. This effect is smaller (2% reduction) for polluted air.

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Section: Rupture Mechanism and The Dispersal Of Pollen And Sppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions

Wozniak¹,

Solmon

Steiner

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Chemical pollutants from vehicles, such as diesel particulates and other secondary organic aerosols (SOA), are known to fluoresce upon excitation wavelengths, especially in submicron ranges (O'Connor et al, 2014;Perring et al, 2014). This has been experienced in polluted environments, with combustion-type particles found to dominate the 1-2 µm particle size range (Yu et al, 2016). The most common interferents include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and SOAs, with those less likely to cause interference comprising humic like substances (HULIS), mineral dust, and soot due to weak signal intensities (Pöhlker et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ultraviolet Light-induced Fluorescence (Uv-lif) Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are an abundant subset of atmospheric aerosol particles which comprise viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, and fragments such as plant and animal debris. The abundance and diversity of these particles remain poorly constrained, causing significant uncertainties for modelling scenarios and for understanding the potential implications of these particles in different environments. PBAP concentrations were studied at four different sites in the United Kingdom (Weybourne, Davidstow, Capel Dewi, and Chilbolton) using an ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) instrument, the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS), versions 3 and 4. Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster (HAC) analysis, particles were statistically discriminated. Fluorescent particles and clusters were then analysed by comparing to laboratory data of known particle types, assessing their diurnal variation and examining their relationship to the meteorological variables temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Using local land cover types, sources of the suspected fluorescent particles and clusters were then identified. Most sites exhibited a wet discharged fungal spore dominance, with the exception of one site, Davidstow, which had higher concentrations of bacteria, suggested to result from the presence of a local dairy factory and farm. Differences were identified as to the sources of wet discharged fungal spores, with particles originating from arable and horticultural land at Chilbolton, and improved grassland areas at Weybourne. Total fluorescent particles at Capel Dewi were inferred to comprise two sources, with bacteria originating from the broadleaf and coniferous woodland and wet discharged fungal spores from nearby improved grassland areas, similar to Weybourne. The use of the HAC method and a higher fluorescence threshold (9 standard deviations instead of 3) produced clusters which were considered to be biological following the complete analysis. More published data and information on the reaction of different speciated biological particle types to fluctuations in meteorological conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature, would aid particle type characterisation in studies such as this.

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“…An understanding of pollen release biology and accurate meteorological data are crucial for pollen forecasting (Pasken and Pietrowiez, 2005). Wozniak and Steiner (2017) modelled pollen from 13 different taxa based on plant functional type mapping for the US, which could be used on climatic timescales. Indeed, the climate-induced spread of ragweed is predicted to double the number of Europeans suffering allergic responses by 2060 (Lake et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of reentrainment of pollen grains once they are deposited to the ground is not considered, nor is the rupturing process that releases the allergenic contents of the grains -present on small starch particles. Whilst the impacts of pollen rupturing on numbers of cloud condensation nuclei has been investigated by Wozniak et al (2018), ruptured pollen grains are not routinely monitored in Victoria. Future development of VGPEM may incorporate some of these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of pollen source methodologies for the Victorian Grass Pollen Emissions Module VGPEM1.0

Emmerson¹,

Silver²,

Newbigin³

et al. 2019

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We present the first representation of grass pollen in a 3-D dispersion model in Australia, tested using observations from eight counting sites in Victoria. The region's population has high rates of allergic rhinitis and asthma, and this has been linked to the high incidence of grass pollen allergy. Despite this, grass pollen dispersion in the Australian atmosphere has not been studied previously, and its source strength is untested. We describe 10 pollen emission source methodologies examining the strengths of different immediate and seasonal timing functions, and the spatial distribution of the sources. The timing function assumes a smooth seasonal term, modulated by an hourly meteorological function. A simple Gaussian representation of the pollen season worked well (average r=0.54), but lacked the spatial and temporal variation that the satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) can provide. However, poor results were obtained using the EVI gradient (average r=0.35), which provides the timing when grass turns from maximum greenness to a drying and flowering period; this is due to noise in the spatial and temporal variability from this combined spatial and seasonal term. Better results were obtained using statistical methods that combine elements of the EVI dataset, a smooth seasonal term and instantaneous variation based on historical grass pollen observations (average r=0.69). The seasonal magnitude is inferred from the maximum winter-time EVI, whereas the timing of the season peak is based on the day of the year when the EVI falls to 0.05 below its winter maximum. Measurements are vital to monitor changes in the pollen season, and the new pollen measurement sites in the Victorian network should be maintained.

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A prognostic pollen emissions model for climate models (PECM1.0)

Cited by 29 publications

References 66 publications

Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions

Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions

Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom

Development and evaluation of pollen source methodologies for the Victorian Grass Pollen Emissions Module VGPEM1.0

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