A Prolonged Outbreak of Polioencephalomyelitis Due to Infection with a Group I Porcine Enterovirus

Pogranichniy, Roman M.; Janke, Bruce H.; Gillespie, Thomas G.; Yoon, Kyoung‐Jin

doi:10.1177/104063870301500218

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PTV infection results in polioencephalomyelitis in swine, and there have been recent incidents of disease (resulting in paralysis or mortality) in both the United States and Japan (28,42). Multiple serotypes of teschoviruses have been identified, and nearly complete genome sequences are available for a variety of strains (6,14,20,43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan

Chard

Kaku

Jones

et al. 2006

J Virol

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The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is quite distinct from other well-characterized picornavirus IRES elements, but it displays functional similarities to the IRES from hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. In particular, a dominant negative mutant form of eIF4A does not inhibit the activity of the PTV-1 IRES. Furthermore, there is a high level (ca. 50%) of identity between the PTV-1 and HCV IRES sequences. A secondary-structure model of the whole PTV-1 IRES has been derived which includes a pseudoknot. Validation of specific features within the model has been achieved by mutagenesis and functional assays. The differences and similarities between the PTV-1 and HCV IRES elements should assist in defining the critical features of this type of IRES.Porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) Talfan is the prototype member of the Teschovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family. PTV infection results in polioencephalomyelitis in swine, and there have been recent incidents of disease (resulting in paralysis or mortality) in both the United States and Japan (28,42). Multiple serotypes of teschoviruses have been identified, and nearly complete genome sequences are available for a variety of strains (6,14,20,43). The 5Ј-terminal region of the genome sequence is missing in each case, and it is possible that a poly(C) tract is present within the 5Ј untranslated region of the viral RNA in at least some strains (6, 43).Picornavirus genomes are infectious and function as mRNAs. Initiation of protein synthesis on picornavirus RNA is dependent on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) (see reference 2 for a review). Several different classes of picornavirus IRES element have been described. With the exception of the PTV-1 IRES (see below), they are all large, complex RNA structures of about 450 nucleotides (nt) which contain a polypyrimidine tract located about 20 nt upstream of an AUG codon at the 3Ј end of the element. (Note that in the cardio-and aphthovirus elements, this AUG is an initiation codon, but in the enteroand rhinoviruses, the AUG codon is not usually recognized and initiation occurs at the next AUG codon.) The poliovirus (PV) and human rhinovirus elements represent one class of IRES; these elements function poorly in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) in vitro translation system unless it is supplemented with additional proteins (e.g., from HeLa cell extracts). In contrast, the cardio-and aphthovirus IRES elements (e.g., from encephalomyocarditis virus [EMCV] and foot-and-mouth disease virus [FMDV]) do function very efficiently in the standard RRL translation system and they have a secondary structure different from that of the entero-and rhinovirus IRES elements. The hepatitis A virus IRES is distinct again; most notably, it requires the intact translation initiation complex eIF4F (1, 3), whereas the other picornavirus IRES elements function when the eIF4G component of this complex has been cleaved or the cap-binding pro...

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confidence: 99%

Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan

Chard

Kaku

Jones

et al. 2006

J Virol

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“…For that purpose VNT and ELISA methods could be used (Hubschle et al 1983). In that case the diagnosis could be confirmed after detection of a fourfold and higher PTV Ab titres in a second sample and positive virus isolation/identification in cell culture (Nardelli et al 1993;Pogranichniy et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Porcine Teschovirus 1 in Lithuania

Sereika¹,

Lelešius²,

Zienius³

2007

Acta Vet. Brno

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The objective of the present work was to study the serological status and epidemiological situation of porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) on swine farms in different Lithuanian regions by using virus neutralization test and virus isolation.Clinical, epidemiological, serological and virological examinations were performed for the diagnosis of Teschen disease (porcine enterovirus encephalomyelitis, TE). Swine blood serum samples (n = 1680) were collected on 28 farms (60 samples per farm) of 8 regions in 2003. For virus isolation 29 samples of pathological material were taken from the brains of pigs (2 -4 months of age) that died suddenly on seven swine farms in five regions.Epidemiological and clinical examination revealed no signs of porcine enterovirus encephalomyelitis on 32 Lithuanian swine farms. PTV-1 was not isolated and identified in the PK-15 cell culture. Antibodies against PTV-1, detected by using VNT, were found on all investigated farms and in all age groups. Negative serum (2.3%, 39 from 1680) samples were found in 15.5% (16 from 103) of 2-4-month-old pigs and in 4.7% (23 from 494) of 4-6-month-old ones. The positive serological and negative epidemiological, clinical and virological results suggest that less virulent or avirulent PTV-1 strains were spread on Lithuanian swine farms. Teschen disease, porcine enterovirus encephalomyelitis

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“…2 These less-virulent strains of PTV are widespread in conventional swineherds and are believed to be maintained predominantly in weaned pigs, which are infected shortly after weaning, when maternal antibodies wane and pigs from multiple groups are mixed. 2,7 Talfan disease is characterized by low morbidity and mortality. Nursery-age pigs are affected more commonly than older, growing pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7 When cytopathic effect (CPE) was evident, cells were stained with PEV-specific polyclonal antibody from the National Veterinary Service Laboratories (Ames, Iowa). Virus-induced CPE was identified in 4 cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Porcine Teschovirus from Nervous Tissue of Pigs with and without Polioencephalomyelitis in Indiana

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Porcine teschovirus (PTV) was isolated in cell culture and/or demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in samples of brain and/or spinal cord in pigs in Indiana during the 2002-2007 period. Testing was initiated on pigs originating from populations exhibiting nervous clinical disease and/or pigs with microscopic lesions in central nervous tissues, indicating viral encephalitis and/or myelitis. Virus was demonstrated in pigs with and without lesions as well as with and without nervous clinical disease. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 59-nontranslated region of the viral genome revealed that these isolates had low-level genetic heterogeneity but were homologous to porcine PTV serotype 1 (PTV-1). These findings indicate that low-to-moderate virulence strains of PTV with some homology to PTV-1 are endemic in many swineherds of Indiana and are associated with subclinical and clinical nervous disease in weaned pigs.

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A Prolonged Outbreak of Polioencephalomyelitis Due to Infection with a Group I Porcine Enterovirus

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan

Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Porcine Teschovirus 1 in Lithuania

Genotyping of Porcine Teschovirus from Nervous Tissue of Pigs with and without Polioencephalomyelitis in Indiana

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