A promising cathode for Li-ion batteries: Li3V2(PO4)3

Abstract

Lithium ion batteries are essential energy storage devices that power the electronics that let us share information and connect with people anywhere at any time. As the demand for uninterrupted energy performance rises, corresponding challenges need to be overcome in both industry and academia. Currently, cathode performance limits energy-power density in Li-ion batteries. Materials chemists and scientists have devoted much effort to explore cathodes with higher capacities and electrochemical potentials. Lithium vanadium phosphate, a rising star in the cathode family, has attracted more attention in recent years because it can display a high average potential (>4.0 V) and specific capacity (197 mAh/g) with excellent structural stability during cycling. However, the separated VO 6 octahedra intrinsically limit electrical conductivity, which hurts the rate capability. This review focuses on the fundamental issues in lithium vanadium phosphate and summarizes its crystal structure, ion diffusion, and electrochemical characteristics. Three synthetic aspects are described carefully: doping, composite and designing microstructures. At the same time, some rules are distilled from the report results, which may be referred to in order to tune the electrochemical performance in electrode materials.

Emerging Prototype Sodium‐Ion Full Cells with Nanostructured Electrode Materials

“…The overall chemical reaction is based on a reversible intercalation/deintercalation processes of Na ions between two electrodes. Systems, components, structures, and operating mechanisms of SIFCs are essentially the same with LIBs, except the replacement of sodium ions . During the charge process, an oxidation reaction takes place at the cathode, with Na ions extracting from lattice sites accompanied by electrons that move from cathode to anode via an external circuit to achieve charge balance.…”

Vanadium‐Based Nanomaterials: A Promising Family for Emerging Metal‐Ion Batteries

“…Whittingham group has performed a lot of pioneering works on vanadium‐based materials for LIBs, and has also made important reviews before 2010 . In recent years, we also note that several reviews that focused on the Li + storage properties of vanadium‐based nanomaterials or specific one vanadium‐based compound for energy related applications have been published . However, a review article which comprehensively summarizes the vanadium‐based nanomaterials family, and focuses on the special merits of their applications for emerging metal‐ion batteries is still lacking.…”

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Li3VO4 with Controlled Oxygen Vacancies as Li‐Ion Battery Anode

“…With high energy density and energy storage efficiency, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most important energy‐storage technologies and have been widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large energy storage systems . One of the main challenges in the electrochemical performances of LIBs is to ensure high specific capacity and a suitable working voltage window of the electrodes . Therefore, understanding the working mechanism of the electrode materials has been a critical factor in designing LIBs.…”

“…Therefore, understanding the working mechanism of the electrode materials has been a critical factor in designing LIBs. Of the two electrodes in a LIB, the anode has a lower electrochemical potential and plays a critical role in enhancing the energy density of the battery within the safety window of the electrolyte . Typical anode materials can be grouped into three categories according to different reaction mechanisms: 1) conversion‐reaction materials including transition metal oxides and metal sulfides, 2) alloying materials such as Si and Ge, and 3) intercalation materials such as graphite, Ti, or V‐based oxides .…”