A Proposed Recognition System for Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Deep Learning and Optimization Algorithms

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an advanced and incurable neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive impairment of memory and cognitive functions due to the deterioration of brain cells. Early diagnosis is substantial to avoid permanent memory loss and develop treatments that will be subtracted in the future. Deep learning (DL) is a vital technique for medical imaging systems for AD diagnostics. The problem is multi-class classification seeking high accuracy. DL models have shown strong performance accuracy for multi-class prediction. In this paper, a proposed DL architecture is created to classify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict different stages of AD-based pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models and optimization algorithms. The proposed model architecture attempts to find the optimal subset of features to improve classification accuracy and reduce classification time. The pre-trained DL models, ResNet-101 and DenseNet-201, are utilized to extract features based on the last layer, and the Rival Genetic algorithm (RGA) and Pbest-Guide Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PBPSO) are applied to select the optimal features. Then, the DL features and selected features are passed separately through created classifier for classification. The results are compared and analyzed by accuracy, performance metrics, and execution time. Experimental results showed that the most efficient accuracies were obtained by PBPSO selected features which reached 87.3% and 94.8% accuracy with less time of 46.7 sec, 32.7 sec for features based ResNet-101 and DenseNet-201, receptively.

Accurate diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's with deep network approach based on multi‐channel feature extraction and selection

“…In these studies, pre‐trained deep architectures were commonly used, and their superior performances were discussed. On the other hand, in the studies by El‐Aal and Ghali (2021) 20 , Murugan et al (2021) 21 , Mohammed et al (2021) 9 , Shahwar et al (2022) 24 , and Fareed et al (2022) 25 , the same dataset used in the current study was utilized. Fareed et al (2022) 25 achieved the highest accuracy score at 97.05% among these studies.…”