A prospective study of isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis in a hospital during the winter months

Ikram, Rosemary; Nixon, M.; Aitken, John; Wells, E.A.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(93)90004-j

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In ventilated children who contract nosocomial pneumonia, an attributable mortality of 27 % may be observed (rising to 43 % where Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species are cultured) (Fagon et al, 1993). Reports of nosocomial infections due to M. catarrhalis have already been published (Cook et al, 1989;Denamur et al, 1989;Kasian et al, 1989;Morgan et al, 1992;Patterson et al, 1988;Richards et al, 1993), with Ikram et al (1993) indicating that the average length of stay in hospital is considerably longer for children colonized with M. catarrhalis than for those not colonized and providing evidence that recolonization with different M. catarrhalis types occurs. Recently, it has been observed that the isolation of a new strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or M. catarrhalis is associated with a significantly increased risk of experiencing an exacerbation of COPD in adults .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in genetic types and population dynamics of Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease

Hays

Eadie

Verduin

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was performed on a retrospective set of 129 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained over a 20 month period from 70 children admitted to, or presenting at, the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The mean age of the children (at the end of the study) was 2·5 years, with a range of 6 months to 15 years. Fifty-one different M. catarrhalis types were isolated from the hospitalized children, with 31 % (22/70) being infected with two particularly prevalent M. catarrhalis types. These two prevalent types also exhibited different protein profiles. The majority (72%; 16/22) of the children infected with these two predominant types had spent at least 1 week on two paediatric intensive care wards. No exacerbation of existing disease or new disease was observed in children who experienced M. catarrhalis type changes. INTRODUCTIONMoraxella catarrhalis is often found as a commensal bacterium of humans, though the species has also been recognized as a major respiratory pathogen of both children and adults (Verduin et al., 2002). The organism is most often associated with the respiratory disease states of acute and chronic otitis media (Faden, 1995;Faden et al., 1997), sinusitis (Finegold et al., 2002) and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Pfaller et al., 2001;Sethi & Murphy, 2001). In common with several other respiratory pathogens, M. catarrhalis has the ability to adhere to bronchial epithelial cells, facilitate ciliotoxicity and ultimately damage pulmonary epithelia (van Alphen et al., 1995), all of which add to the pathogenic potential of this species.Nosocomial pneumonia is the most frequently acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and the second most frequently acquired infection in hospitals overall (Lode et al., 2000). In ventilated children who contract nosocomial pneumonia, an attributable mortality of 27 % may be observed (rising to 43 % where Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species are cultured) (Fagon et al., 1993). Reports of nosocomial infections due to M. catarrhalis have already been published (Cook et al., 1989; Denamur et al., 1989;Kasian et al., 1989;Morgan et al., 1992; Patterson et al., 1988; Richards et al., 1993), with Ikram et al. (1993 indicating that the average length of stay in hospital is considerably longer for children colonized with M. catarrhalis than for those not colonized and providing evidence that recolonization with different M. catarrhalis types occurs. Recently, it has been observed that the isolation of a new strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or M. catarrhalis is associated with a significantly increased risk of experiencing an exacerbation of COPD in adults .The aim of this study was to assess M. catarrhalis population diversity/dynamics retrospectively in hospitalized children and to determine whether M. catarrhalis type changes resulted in exacerbation of existing disease within this study population. METHODSStudy population. M. catarrha...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in genetic types and population dynamics of Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease

Hays

Eadie

Verduin

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Thus, important questions remain to be answered with regard to the nosocomial spread of M. catarrhalis, including the identification of the reservoir of infection and the mode(s) of transmission. Person-to-person transmission (122,161,188,200) and spread from environmental sources (44,122) have been implicated in nosocomial transmission on the basis of circumstantial evidence; of possible significance is the observation that the bacterium is able to survive in expectorated sputum for at least 3 weeks (44). Nursery schools are sites where frequent exchanges of strains may occur (254).…”

Section: Nosocomial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

et al. 2002

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SUMMARY Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. During this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for M. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. Over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular infections in children and in laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia in adults. The development of (molecular) epidemiological tools has enabled the national and international distribution of M. catarrhalis strains to be established, and has allowed the monitoring of nosocomial infections and the dynamics of carriage. Indeed, such monitoring has revealed an increasing number of Β-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis isolates (now well above 90%), underscoring the pathogenic potential of this organism. Although a number of putative M. catarrhalis virulence factors have been identified and described in detail, their relationship to actual bacterial adhesion, invasion, complement resistance, etc. (and ultimately their role in infection and immunity), has been established in a only few cases. In the past 10 years, various animal models for the study of M. catarrhalis pathogenicity have been described, although not all of these models are equally suitable for the study of human infection. Techniques involving the molecular manipulation of M. catarrhalis genes and antigens are also advancing our knowledge of the host response to and pathogenesis of this bacterial species in humans, as well as providing insights into possible vaccine candidates. This review aims to outline our current knowledge of M. catarrhalis, an organism that has evolved from an emerging to a well-established human pathogen.

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“…The most widely used method to type strains of B. catarrhalis to date has been restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (44,45,58,89,118,121,134,135,144). More recently, a more refined form of restriction endonuclease analysis involving pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large fragments of genomic DNA has been developed (99,102).…”

Section: Genotype-based Typing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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A prospective study of isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis in a hospital during the winter months

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in genetic types and population dynamics of Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease

Changes in genetic types and population dynamics of Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

Lower respiratory tract infection

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