A Prospective Study of Sexual Transmission of Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)–I and HTLV‐II

Roucoux, Diana F.; Wang, Baoguang; Smith, Donna M.; Nass, Catharie C.; Smith, James W.; Hutching, S; Newman, Bruce; Lee, Tzong‐Hae; Chafets, Daniel M.; Murphy, Edward L.

doi:10.1086/429410

Cited by 119 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sexual partnership with an IDU was significantly more frequent among the patients in the HCV/HTLV-2 group, thus suggesting that they were at greater risk of HTLV-2 acquisition through sexual means. However, even though HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been acknowledged to be sexually-transmitted agents 26 35 38 , recent evidence has suggested that transmission is not particularly associated with any of the HTLV types 30 . Alternatively, and speculatively, the increased risk of HTLV-2 acquisition among these individuals may have been due to non-reported IDU, as previously described in a serological survey of HCV coinfection among people living with HIV in Santos, Brazil 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus and human T-lymphotropic virus coinfection: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological features

Milagres

Duarte

Viso

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Twenty-four hepatitis C virus patients coinfected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 were compared with six coinfected with HTLV-2 and 55 with HCV alone, regarding clinical, epidemiological, laboratory and histopathological data. Fischer's discriminant analysis was applied to define functions capable of differentiating between the study groups (HCV, HCV/HTLV-1 and HCV/HTLV-2). The discriminant accuracy was evaluated by cross-validation. Alcohol consumption, use of intravenous drugs or inhaled cocaine and sexual partnership with intravenous drug users were more frequent in the HCV/HTLV-2 group, whereas patients in the HCV group more often reported abdominal pain or a sexual partner with hepatitis. Coinfected patients presented higher platelet counts, but aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were higher among HCV-infected subjects. No significant difference between the groups was seen regarding liver histopathological findings. Through discriminant analysis, classification functions were defined, including sex, age group, intravenous drug use and sexual partner with hepatitis. Cross-validation revealed high discriminant accuracy for the HCV group. Key-words:Hepatitis C virus. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 2. Epidemiological studies. Discriminant analysis. RESUMOCompararam-se 24 pacientes coinfectados pelos vírus da hepatite C/vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1 com 6 coinfectados por VHC/ HTLV-2 e 55 infectados pelo VHC, no tocante a dados clínico-epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos. A análise discriminante de Fischer foi utilizada para definir funções capazes de diferenciar os grupos de estudo (VHC, VHC/HTLV-1 e VHC/HTLV-2). A acurácia discriminatória foi avaliada pelo por validação cruzada. O uso de álcool, drogas endovenosas, cocaína inalatória e a parceria sexual com UDEV foram mais freqüentes no grupo VHC/HTLV-2, enquanto queixa de dor abdominal e parceiro sexual com hepatite predominaram no grupo VHC. Os coinfectados apresentaram número maior de plaquetas, enquanto as aminotransferases e a gamaglutamiltranspeptidase foram mais altas no grupo VHC. Não houve diferença entre os grupos à análise histopatológica do fígado. Por análise discriminante definiram-se funções classificatórias, incluindo as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, uso de drogas endovenosas e parceiro sexual com hepatite, com acurácia discriminante alta para o grupo VHC. Palavras-chaves:Vírus da hepatite C. Vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1. Vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 2. Estudos epidemiológicos. Análise discriminante.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus and human T-lymphotropic virus coinfection: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological features

Milagres

Duarte

Viso

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Roucoux et al 65 observed lower HTLV-1/2 proviral loads in patients with sexually acquired infections compared with HTLV-1/2-positive index patients who transmitted HTLV, most likely because of the small infectious dose that is required for the sexual transmission of the virus.…”

Section: Sexual Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the epidemiology of HTLV, particularly its tendency to occur in clusters, has enabled the identifi cation of groups who are at risk for exposure, including injection drug users 34,56,59 , sex workers 50,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] , men who engage in intercourse with other men 52,53,56 , recipients of blood transfusions in Brazil before November 1993 63 , and sexual partners of known HTLV carriers [64][65][66] (Figure 2). …”

Section: Sexual Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in Japan over a 10-year period demonstrated that the rate of HTLV-1 transmission from husband to wife was 60.8%, whereas the rate of transmission from wife to husband was 0.4% 64 . Roucoux et al 65 performed a prospective study of 85 couples who were serodiscordant for both viruses (30 patients with HTLV-1 and 55 patients with HTLV-2) over a 10-year period and found no signifi cant differences in the sexual transmission rates between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 (0.9 and 0.4 transmissions per 100 person-years (py) for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, respectively). The male to female transmission rate for HTLV-1/2 was 1.2 transmissions/py, whereas the female to male transmission rate was 0.4 transmissions/py.…”

Section: Sexual Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Paiva

Casseb

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual transmission occurs more effi ciently from men to women than women to men and might be enhanced by sexually transmitted diseases that cause ulcers and result in mucosal ruptures, such as syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and chancroid. Other sexually transmitted diseases might result in the recruitment of infl ammatory cells and could increase the risk of HTLV-1 acquisition and transmission. Additionally, factors that are associated with higher transmission risks include the presence of antibodies against the viral oncoprotein Tax (anti-Tax), a higher proviral load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased cervicovaginal or seminal secretions. Seminal fl uid has been reported to increase HTLV replication and transmission, whereas male circumcision and neutralizing antibodies might have a protective effect. Recently, free virions were discovered in plasma, which reveals a possible new mode of HTLV replication. It is unclear how this discovery might affect the routes of HTLV transmission, particularly sexual transmission, because HTLV transmission rates are signifi cantly higher from men to women than women to men.

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“…A recent study of HTLV transmission in non-IDU detected 2 HTLV-2 seroconvertors, 1 maleto-female, the other female-to-male. Of note, both seropositive partners of the seroconvertors reported a history of prior STI and rarely to never used condoms [26]. Another plausible explanation for increased rates of HTLV-2 in females is that younger females are more likely to have sexual relationships and/or share injection equipment with older male IDU, a group with higher rates of HTLV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-2 infection in injection drug users in King County, Washington

Zunt

Tapia

Thiede

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) is endemic in injection drug users (IDU), and native American populations in the Americas. Transmission is associated with high-risk injection and sexual practices. A cohort of 2561 IDU in King County, Washington completed 2 study visits over 1 y. HTLV-2 infection was detected in 190 (7.4%) of 2561 IDU, and 13 (7.8 cases per 1000 person-y) incident infections occurred during the study. Prevalent infection was associated with female gender, non-white race, longer duration as IDU, having a tattoo, combined injection of heroin and cocaine, and with serologic evidence of hepatitis B and C infection. Seroconversion was more common in women, and was associated with African American race, heterosexual identity and longer duration as IDU. In conclusion, increased risk of HTLV-2 infection was associated with non-white race, and injection drug of choice, suggesting injection networks may play an important role in transmission of HTLV-2. The high correlation of HTLV-2 infection with HCV infection suggests the major route of transmission in IDU is via injection practices. Additional studies are needed to examine the clinical manifestations of HTLV-2 infection, as well as the clinical and virological manifestations of HTLV-2/HCV coinfection.

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A Prospective Study of Sexual Transmission of Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)–I and HTLV‐II

Abstract: The incidence of sexual transmission of HTLV-II may be similar to that of HTLV-I, and female-to-male transmission may play a more important role than previously thought. HTLV-I and -II proviral load may be lower in sexually acquired infection, because of a small infectious dose.

Cited by 119 publications

References 37 publications

Hepatitis C virus and human T-lymphotropic virus coinfection: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological features

Hepatitis C virus and human T-lymphotropic virus coinfection: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological features

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

HTLV-2 infection in injection drug users in King County, Washington

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