“…By the end of the 19th century, Pera, with its Levantine architecture, European-style shopping and entertainment venues, and mostly non-Muslim population, had turned into Istanbul’s “Frankish town” (Yumul, 2009, p. 58). Located at the heart of the capital of the Muslim world, Pera came to stand for “a place of marginality, of ‘otherness,’ and ‘foreignness’” (Yumul, 2009, p. 63). Today, the empire and its eclectic subjects long gone, Beyoğlu continues to exist as a border space, a microcosm of the tensions and negotiations between past and present, East and West:The hundreds of secondary veins connected to this main artery host a bohemian, cosmopolitan, emancipated, and controversial atmosphere with hundreds of café-bars, restaurants, theaters, cinemas, drinking shops, patisseries, bars, hotels, art galleries, and shops as well as the culture centers and schools of different countries, a variety of religious temples, and consulates of many countries.
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