A pulsating coronary vessel phantom for two- and three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound studies

Image-based ECG sampling of IVUS sequences

“…By the physical coupling [9], lumen area evolution is related to other phenomena induced by cardiac motion.…”

“…Finally, suitable sampling of the filtered signal retrieve cardiac phase. Based on clinical studies [8] and physical properties [9], all authors agree in using the extrema of filtered signals for sampling at end-systole and diastole. The main differences among existing algorithms (and, thus, the clue for an accurate cardiac phase retrieval) are on the signal computed from the sequence and the filter used to extract the cardiac profile.…”

Image-based cardiac gating for three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound imaging

“…The performance of image-gating was tested first with in vitro IVUS images obtained using a custom-built pulsating coronary vessel phantom that mimicked the pulsation of a coronary artery (Nadkarni et al 2003). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel was used as a tissue mimic to construct vessels of straight tube geometry (inner diameter ϭ 3.5 mm, wall thickness ϭ 1 mm).…”

“…Next, we examined the effects of the following parameters; 1. pulsation waveform pattern, 2. heart rate and 3. catheter pullback speed, on the performance of image-based cardiac gating. In the first case, the motor controller software was programmed to simulate left main coronary artery (LMCA) and midleft anterior descending (LAD) artery pulsation at a rate of 60 beats bpm (Nadkarni et al 2003). In the second case, the LMCA waveform was used and 2-D IVUS images were acquired at three different heart rates of 50, 64 and 70 bpm.…”

Poly(vinyl alcohol) gel ultrasound phantom with durability and visibility of internal flow

“…In practice, PVA gels are used for ultrasound phantoms for intravascular and transcutaneous ultrasound imaging [20][21][22][23] and for photoacoustic mammography [24], and the acoustic properties of PVA gels after freeze-thaw cycles have been measured with ultrasound of \10 MHz [25]. PVA gel shows fine optical transparency with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [26].…”