A putative plant homolog of the yeast β-1,3-glucan synthase subunit FKS1 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers

Cui, Xiaojiang; Shin, Heungsop; Song, Charlotte; Laosinchai, Walairat; Amano, Yoshihiko; Brown, Malcolm R.

doi:10.1007/s004250000496

Cited by 82 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We have shown here that the pmr4-1 line has an internal stop codon in GSL5 that is located in a similar position to the T-DNA insertion in the GABI-KAT 089H05 line in exon 2 of the gene (Figure 6). Based on a number of topology prediction programs, the lesions will disrupt the protein sequence close to the last transmembrane helix before the large, nonmembrane, and presumably cytoplasmic region of the protein that is widely assumed to contain the catalytic site ( Figure 6) (Cui et al, 2001;Doblin et al, 2001;Hong et al, 2001a;Østergaard et al, 2002). It is highly unlikely that the truncated protein would have any callose synthase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, no highly purified callose synthase preparations have been reported; therefore, it has not been possible to demonstrate a direct link between callose synthase activity and amino acid or nucleotide sequence. Nevertheless, evidence is accumulating that callose synthases are encoded by a family of glucan synthase-like ( GSL ) genes (Cui et al, 2001;Doblin et al, 2001;Hong et al, 2001a;Østergaard et al, 2002), based on the homology of these plant genes with yeast FK506 hypersensitivity ( FKS ) genes, which also are believed to be involved in (1 → 3)-␤ -D -glucan biosynthesis (Douglas et al, 1994;Cabib et al, 2001;Dijkgraaf et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose Formation

et al. 2003

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Arabidopsis was transformed with double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) constructs designed to silence three putative callose synthase genes: GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE5 ( GSL5 ), GSL6 , and GSL11 . Both wound callose and papillary callose were absent in lines transformed with GSL5 dsRNAi and in a corresponding sequence-indexed GSL5 T-DNA insertion line but were unaffected in GSL6 and GSL11 dsRNAi lines. These data provide strong genetic evidence that the GSL genes of higher plants encode proteins that are essential for callose formation. Deposition of callosic plugs, or papillae, at sites of fungal penetration is a widely recognized early response of host plants to microbial attack and has been implicated in impeding entry of the fungus. Depletion of callose from papillae in gsl5 plants marginally enhanced the penetration of the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis on the nonhost Arabidopsis. Paradoxically, the absence of callose in papillae or haustorial complexes correlated with the effective growth cessation of several normally virulent powdery mildew species and of Peronospora parasitica .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose Formation

et al. 2003

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“…In fact, the absence of the functional callose synthase PMR4 in the pmr4 mutant resulted in papillae that were free from callose but also induced a hyperactivation of the salicylic acid defense pathway, which was shown to be the basis of resistance in double mutant and microarray analyses (Jacobs et al, 2003;Nishimura et al, 2003). The callose synthase gene PMR4 from Arabidopsis belongs to the GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE (GSL) family, genes that have been identified in higher plants including wheat (Triticum aestivum; Cui et al, 2001;Doblin et al, 2001;Hong et al, 2001;Østergaard et al, 2002;Voigt et al, 2006). The predicted function of these genes as callose synthases is generally supported by homology with the yeast FK506 SENSITIVITY (FKS) genes, which are believed to be subunits of (1,3)-b-glucan synthase complexes (Douglas et al, 1994;Dijkgraaf et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Secreted Fungal Effector Lipase Releases Free Fatty Acids to Inhibit Innate Immunity-Related Callose Formation during Wheat Head Infection

Blümke

Falter

Herrfurth³

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

112

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The deposition of the (1,3)-b-glucan cell wall polymer callose at sites of attempted penetration is a common plant defense response to intruding pathogens and part of the plant's innate immunity. Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Dfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike. Our studies here were aimed at analyzing the role of FGL1 in establishing full F. graminearum virulence. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the Dfgl1 mutant strongly induced the deposition of spot-like callose patches in vascular bundles of directly inoculated spikelets, while these callose deposits were not observed in infections by the wild type. Elevated concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and a-linolenic acid, which we detected in F. graminearum wild type-infected wheat spike tissue compared with Dfgl1-infected tissue, provided clear evidence for a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis. These FFAs not only inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta but also partially restored virulence to the Dfgl1 mutant when applied during infection of wheat spikelets. Additional FFA analysis confirmed that the purified effector lipase FGL1 was sufficient to release linoleic and a-linolenic acids from wheat spike tissue. We concluded that these two FFAs have a major function in the suppression of the innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis and, hence, the progress of F. graminearum wheat infection.

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“…The secreted plant peroxidases are very important to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that takes part in oxidation reactions process needed for the cells (Penel 2000). Conversely, glucan synthase-like genes contain a typical glucan synthase domain that regulate callose synthases as plant defense mechanisms (Cui et al 2001;Doblin et al 2001;Hong et al 2001;Østergaard et al 2002). Apart from high homology of glucan synthase-like gene with yeast FK506 hypersensitivity (FKS) genes, this gene is also speculated to be linked to (1,3)--D-glucan biosynthesis (Douglas et al 1994;Cabib et al 2001;Dijkgraaf et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Peroxidases and Glucan Synthase Like Genes in Cucumis melo L

Howlader

Sumi

Kim

et al. 2016

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea ABSTRACT Powdery mildew (PM) is a severe fungal disease for melon cultivation worldwide. Stress resistance related genes could be important tools to address this problem. In this study, we retrieved defense related peroxidase and glucan synthase genes from Melon Genome Database 'Melonomics'. Thereafter, we analyzed the genes in silico. We conducted protein blast in the NCBI database and found a high degree of homology among them. Based on the highest protein homology we named two isoforms of Cucumis melo peroxidase 2-like genes (CmPrx2-1 and CmPrx2-2) and one glucan synthase1-like gene (CmGLS1). In reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (PCR), all 3 genes showed organ specific expression in a C. melo line, SCNU1154. Real-time quantitative PCR expression of these 3 genes was conducted in the infected leaf samples by PM fungus Podosphaera xanthii and also treated leaf samples by exogenous phytohormones (salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate). The CmPrx2-2 gene was up-regulated in response to all seven races of PM fungus whereas up-regulation or down-regulation of CmPrx2-1 gene was race-specific. The CmGLS1 gene was down-regulated in response to all races except one race. The CmPrx2-1, CmPrx2-2, and CmGLS1 genes were up-regulated under both salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments but their level of expression was higher in salicylic acid treated plants compared to methyl jasmonate. Therefore, we speculate that defense response of the three tested genes is largely mediated by the salicylic acid signaling pathway under PM infection. Taken together, the data presented herein may be useful resources in the development of PM stress resistant in C. melo L.

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A putative plant homolog of the yeast β-1,3-glucan synthase subunit FKS1 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers

Cited by 82 publications

References 27 publications

An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose Formation

An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose Formation

Secreted Fungal Effector Lipase Releases Free Fatty Acids to Inhibit Innate Immunity-Related Callose Formation during Wheat Head Infection

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Peroxidases and Glucan Synthase Like Genes in Cucumis melo L

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