A Quantitative Analysis of The Endosperm-Dependent Seedling Growth in Grasses

Arnott, R. A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084990

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, for timothy lines at 10 mm sowing depth in Expt 7 and 15 mm sowing depth in Expt 8, emergence % increased with increased mean seed weight (Tables 6 and 7). It has been reported that within grass species, potential mesocotyl extension is similar for seedlings from different seed weights but smaller seeds produce thinner structures (Jones, 1972;Arnott, 1975;Robson et al, 1988). For timothy at 10 mm sowing depth in Expt 7 and 15 mm sowing depth in Expt 8, coleoptile + mesocotyl length and coleoptile and mesocotyl width increased with increased seed weight (Tables 6 and 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Several workers using a wide range of genotypes of wheat (Triticunz aestivum L.) which shows little or no mesocotyl extension, have found a strong positive correlation across and within cultivars between final coleoptile length and emergence from deep sowings (Sunderman, 1964;Whan, 1976;Andrews et al, 1991;Hines, Andrews, Scott & Jack, 1991). For pasture grasses, potential mesocotyl elongation has been reported to increase with seed ske across species (Arnott, 1975;Robson et al, 1988). Mean seed weight is less for timothy and cocksfoot than for perennial ryegrass and it has been proposed that lower emergence of these grasses in comparison with perennial ryegrass is due to them having a shorter coleoptile + mesocotyl as a result of their smaller seed size (Robson et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean seed weight is less for timothy and cocksfoot than for perennial ryegrass and it has been proposed that lower emergence of these grasses in comparison with perennial ryegrass is due to them having a shorter coleoptile + mesocotyl as a result of their smaller seed size (Robson et al, 1988). However, at recommended sowing depths this may not be the case as timothy has been reported to be capable of achieving a mean coleoptile + mesocotyl length of > 40 mm (Arnott, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of temperate pasture grases from different sowing depths: importance of seed weight, coleoptiele plus mesocotyl length and shoot strength

Andrews¹,

Douglas²,

Jones

et al. 1997

Annals of Applied Biology

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Inter-specific relationships between mean seed weight, coleoptile + mesocotyl (sub-coleoptile internode) length and width, shoot strength and emergence from different sowing depths were examined for timothy (Phleum pratense L., mean seed weight 0.33-0.48 mg depending on seed line), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L., 0.65-0.78 mg), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., 1.7 1-2.19 mg), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., 1.73-2.60 mg), annual ryegrass (Lolium multijlorum Lam., 5.10-5.20 mg) and prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth., 10.5-12.2 mg). Across species at 10, 30 and 60 mm sowing depths in the field and 10, 15 and 30 mm sowing depths under controlled environment conditions, there was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between emergence % and mean seed weight. Across species at 10-30 mm sowing depth under controlled environment conditions, emergence % was not significantly correlated with coleoptile + mesocotyl length but there were significant positive correlations between emergence % and coleoptile and mesocotyl width: shoot strength increased with increased coleoptile width across species. For seed lines of timothy of different mean seed weight (0.21-0.81 mg), emergence %, coleoptile + mesocotyl length and coleoptile and mesocotyl width increased with increased seed weight at 10 and 15 mm sowing depth. Shoot strength increased with increased coleoptile width for timothy. For emerged and non-emerged cocksfoot and timothy seedlings regardless of seed weight, mean coleoptile + mesocotyl length was > 10 mm at 10 mm sowing depth. It is concluded that at 10-30 mm sowing depth, increased emergence % with increased seed weight across species is not due to increased coleoptile + mesocotyl length. It is proposed that increased emergence % with increased seed weight across species at 10-30 mm sowing depths and across seed lines of timothy at 10 mm sowing depth is primarily due to increased coleoptile and mesocotyl width resulting in increased shoot strength and hence an increased ability to penetrate the substrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of temperate pasture grases from different sowing depths: importance of seed weight, coleoptiele plus mesocotyl length and shoot strength

Andrews¹,

Douglas²,

Jones

et al. 1997

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Small seeds of perennial ryegrass cv. S24 had lower leaf and root weights and a reduced ability to emerge when sown at depth, compared with large seeds (Arnott 1975). In general terms, the emergence and early vigour of grass seedlings are related to seed mass, potential mesocotyl and coleoptile elongation, and subsequent growth rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The interaction between ploidy and early vigour has received little attention in perennial ryegrass. However, seed mass has been shown to be related to emergence and aspects of early vigour in the diploid perennial ryegrass cultivar S24 (Arnott 1969(Arnott , 1975. Small seeds of perennial ryegrass cv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

Smith¹,

McFarlane²,

Croft³

et al. 2003

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. Genetic variation for seed mass and components of early vigour were measured on 120 seedlings of each of 18 diploid and 27 tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. Seeds of tetraploid cultivars were on average heavier (3.8 mg) than seed of diploid cultivars (2.4 mg). However, there was variation for mean seed mass both within and between ploidy classes and within cultivars. The components of early vigour measured on each of the seedlings were: date of emergence, leaf appearance rate, seedling height (10 days after germination), leaf length and width and dry matter at 33 days after emergence. Mean seed mass of a cultivar was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with seedling height, leaf length, leaf width, shoot length and shoot mass. Individual seed mass within a cultivar was significantly associated with all components of early vigour, except the date of emergence of the second true leaf. There was no difference in the rate of emergence of tetraploid and diploid cultivars, although tetraploid cultivars tended to have longer and wider leaves, greater seedling lengths and fewer leaves and tillers than diploid cultivars. There was also evidence of genetic variation for seedling vigour components in perennial ryegrass after seed mass and ploidy effects had been removed during analysis. These data suggest that seed mass has a large positive effect on early vigour of both diploid and tetraploid cultivars of perennial ryegrass and that, in the absence of any specific knowledge of the early vigour characteristics of a given cultivar, seed mass could be used as a surrogate when choosing between cultivars with similar adaptation and performance.

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Viability and Longevity

Bewley

Black

1982

Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination

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A Quantitative Analysis of The Endosperm-Dependent Seedling Growth in Grasses

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Emergence of temperate pasture grases from different sowing depths: importance of seed weight, coleoptiele plus mesocotyl length and shoot strength

Emergence of temperate pasture grases from different sowing depths: importance of seed weight, coleoptiele plus mesocotyl length and shoot strength

The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

Viability and Longevity

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