A quantitative framework for the analysis of habitat and hatchery practices on Pacific salmon

Sharma, Rishi; Cooper, Andrew B.; Hilborn, Ray

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.029

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although conservation efforts often focus on increasing population size by improving habitat or altering hatchery practices (Sharma et al 2005), the results of this study emphasize that recovery actions should consider individuals whose characteristics contribute disproportionately to population productivity. In Scott Creek, larger (>170 mm FL) wild individuals were less than 6% of the outmigrating steelhead population in this study yet experienced 60 times the survival rate than small wild individuals.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Osterback

FrechetteDanielle

HayesSean

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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We examined the role of individual size and origin (wild versus hatchery) to predation risk and marine survival for threatened juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal California watershed. In this study, we found that individual size and origin were strongly associated with increased predation risk of steelhead by a generalist avian predator (western gull, Larus occidentalis) and associated with survival to reproduction by tracking the fate of juvenile steelhead tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Across six cohorts (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), larger steelhead (>170 mm fork length (FL)) experienced marine survival rates at least 60 times higher than the smallest individuals. Predation risk by western gulls was highest for intermediate-sized fish , which was at least ten times higher than the predation risk of the smallest individuals and four times higher than the predation risk of the largest individuals. Wild steelhead experienced both higher predation risk and higher survival rates than hatchery fish of the same size. Although gulls disproportionately remove intermediate-sized wild steelhead from the population, they also remove large wild individuals that may otherwise experience the highest adult return rates. Instead of focusing on population size alone, conservation measures could also be guided towards the recovery of larger and wild individuals, whose survival is paramount for population recovery.Résumé : Nous avons examiné le lien entre la taille et l'origine (sauvage ou d'écloserie) des individus, d'une part, et le risque de prédation et la survie en mer, d'autre part, pour des truites arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juvéniles menacées dans un bassin versant de la côte californienne. En suivant des truites arc-en-ciel juvéniles dotées de radioétiquettes passives intégrées (PIT), nous avons constaté que la taille et l'origine des individus étaient fortement associées à un risque de prédation accru des truites arc-en-ciel par un prédateur aviaire généraliste (le goéland d'Audubon, Larus occidentalis) et étaient associées à la survie jusqu'à la reproduction. À l'échelle de six cohortes (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), les plus grandes truites (longueur à la fourche (LF) >170 mm) présentaient des taux de survie en mer au moins 60 fois plus élevés que les truites les plus petites. Le risque de prédation par des goélands d'Audubon était le plus élevé pour les individus de taille intermédiaire , ce risque étant au moins 10 fois plus élevé que pour les individus les plus petits et quatre fois plus élevé que pour les individus les plus grands. Les truites arc-en-ciel sauvages présentaient un risque de prédation et des taux de survie plus élevés que les poissons issus d'écloserie de même taille. Si les goélands extraient une quantité disproportionnée de truites arc-en-ciel sauvages de taille intermédiaire de la population, ils en retirent également de grands individus sauvages qui, autrement, pourraient présenter les taux de retour d'adultes les plus élevés. Plut...

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Osterback

FrechetteDanielle

HayesSean

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…To model the effects of changes in flow, temperature, and habitat capacity on Chinook salmon, we used the Shiraz population model (12,35), a spatially explicit life-cycle model that simulates the effects of environmental change on salmon populations. The mathematical details of the model and parameter values specific to the Snohomish basin, including the values of stage-specific survival and fecundity parameters, the form of functional relationships linking environmental variables to salmon survival, movement algorithms, hatchery fish behavior, and harvest policy are described in ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration

Battin

Wiley

Ruckelshaus

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

342

301

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Throughout the world, efforts are under way to restore watersheds, but restoration planning rarely accounts for future climate change. Using a series of linked models of climate, land cover, hydrology, and salmon population dynamics, we investigated the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of proposed habitat restoration efforts designed to recover depleted Chinook salmon populations in a Pacific Northwest river basin. Model results indicate a large negative impact of climate change on freshwater salmon habitat. Habitat restoration and protection can help to mitigate these effects and may allow populations to increase in the face of climate change. The habitat deterioration associated with climate change will, however, make salmon recovery targets much more difficult to attain. Because the negative impacts of climate change in this basin are projected to be most pronounced in relatively pristine, high-elevation streams where little restoration is possible, climate change and habitat restoration together are likely to cause a spatial shift in salmon abundance. River basins that span the current snow line appear especially vulnerable to climate change, and salmon recovery plans that enhance lower-elevation habitats are likely to be more successful over the next 50 years than those that target the higher-elevation basins likely to experience the greatest snow-rain transition.Chinook salmon ͉ hydrologic model ͉ population model ͉ Snohomish River ͉ stream flow O ver the past decade, billions of dollars have been spent on the restoration of aquatic habitats throughout the United States (1). In the northwestern U.S., aquatic habitat restoration has been driven largely by the Endangered Species Act, under which several species of Pacific salmon have been listed. The listings have led to the development of salmon recovery plans for watersheds throughout the region. Long-term freshwater habitat protection and restoration projects are central to all plans. Planners rely heavily on fish habitat models to evaluate the potential effectiveness of proposed restoration strategies, and numerous models have been developed to predict restoration effects. In almost all cases, these models assume stationary future climate conditions when assessing how restoration will affect fish abundance and productivity. Given the increasing certainty that climate change is accelerating, models that ignore the potential effects of future climate may generate misleading predictions of the relative benefits of different recovery strategies.The northwestern U.S. has warmed by between 0.7 and 0.9°C during the 20th century. Since 1950, average annual air temperatures at the majority of meteorological stations in the region have risen by Ϸ0.25°C/decade (2), and climate models predict another 1.5-3.2°C increase by the middle of the 21st century (3). Higher air temperatures are likely to increase water temperatures, which could be harmful to salmon during the spawning, incubation, and rearing stages of their life cycle (4). Warmer temperatures a...

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“…Even though approaches to integrative analysis (such as the one described here) and tools for quantitative assessment of enhancements (Walters and Martell, 2004;Lorenzen, 2005;Sharma et al, 2005) are becoming available, it will never be possible to design successful enhancements a priori or in an entirely top-down manner. Most successful enhancement initiatives involve leaps of faith as well as technical and institutional innovation, often driven by stakeholders other than scientists.…”

Section: A Process For Developing Enhancement Fisheries Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There has been considerable development of population dynamics theory and assessment methods for enhancements in the very recent past (Walters and Martell, 2004;Lorenzen, 2005;Sharma et al, 2005). An assessment tool based on a general population model for enhancements (Lorenzen, 2005) is now available in the freeware package EnhanceFish (Medley and Lorenzen, 2006).…”

Section: Linking To Quantitative Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding and Managing Enhancement Fisheries Systems

Lorenzen

2008

Reviews in Fisheries Science

119

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Aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement is a set of management approaches involving the release of cultured organisms to enhance, conserve, or restore fisheries. Enhancement has a long history, and substantial progress has been made in key areas of science underpinning the activity. Yet the contribution of enhancements to global fisheries production has remained small, and there are few outright "success stories." Enhancements enter into complex fisheries systems and, to be successful, must contribute to a broad set of biological, economic, social, and institutional management objectives. In doing so, enhancements need to add value to, or outperform, alternative measures such as fishing regulation or habitat management. This is possible only under certain conditions and may require transformations in multiple biological-technical as well as market and institutional attributes of the fisheries system. I outline a framework for the integrated analysis of enhancement fisheries systems and a systematic, transparent, and stakeholder-participatory development process.

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A quantitative framework for the analysis of habitat and hatchery practices on Pacific salmon

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration

Understanding and Managing Enhancement Fisheries Systems

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