A quantitative method for analyzing the dispersion and agglomeration of nano-particles in composite materials

Tyson, Bryan; Al‐Rub, Rashid K. Abu; Yazdanbakhsh, Ardavan; Grasley, Zachary

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.020

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…CNFs can be commercially available at a much lower cost and high volumes in comparison with CNTs. The CNF material is easy to handle and overcomes all the main challenges resulting from dispersion, processing, and handling normally associated with other carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) [17][18][19][20]. The CNF material is considered as a reinforcement or conductive nanofiller for preparation of composites due to the nanofiber mechanical (tensile strength ∼ 3 GPa), and physical properties (electrical conductivity ∼103 S/cm) [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 ) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited "cumulus" on the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of -Fe 2 O 3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 . In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of -Fe 2 O 3 during the synthesis process. The Raman spectrum of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 sample displays peaks with positions close to characteristic peaks of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites. The synthesis of CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of CNF and magnetic properties at room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…To date, three common methods have been used to analyze the dispersion of CNTs or CNFs in aqueous solutions. These are optical microscopy, electron microscopy (using both scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM)), and ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectroscopy (Tyson et al, 2011). These authors developed a method for quantifying the dispersion and agglomeration of both carbon nanofi bers and carbon nanotubes within an aqueous solution.…”

Section: The Problem Of Effi Cient Nanoparticle Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles for high performance concrete (HPC)

Pacheco-Torgal

Miraldo

Ding

et al. 2013

Nanotechnology in Eco-Efficient Construction

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According to the 2011 ERMCO statistics, only 11% of the production of ready-mixed concrete relates to the high performance concrete (HPC) target. This percentage has remained unchanged since at least 2001 and appears a strange choice on the part of the construction industry, as HPC offers several advantages over normal-strength concrete, specifi cally those of high strength and durability. It allows for concrete structures requiring less steel reinforcement and offers a longer serviceable life, both of which are crucial issues in the eco-effi ciency of construction materials. Despite the growing importance of nanotechnology, investigations into the incorporation of nanoparticles into concrete are rare (100 out of 10,000 Scopus concrete-related articles published in the last decade). It therefore remains to be seen how research in this area will contribute to concrete eco-effi ciency. This chapter summarizes the state of current knowledge in the fi eld and considers the infl uence of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of concrete and its durability. It also includes the control of calcium leaching. The problem of effi cient dispersion of nanoparticles is analyzed.

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“…The milky colour of the upper three samples was a consequence of penetration of the saline solution (Šauman 1965;Hill et al 2001) into the structure of the film and subsequently into the base concrete, which manifested itself by a soaking and optical darkening of the base. The relatively massive penetration of the saline solution into the old dispersion film was probably caused by the lowered diffusion resistance of the film (Henning, Lach 1983;Matoušek, Drochytka 1998) due to greater dimensions of the agglomerated dispersion particles (Tyson et al 2011;Pedraza, Soucek 2007). A certain penetration of the deicing solution under the layer of the dispersion film…”

Section: Change In the Chemical Properties Of A Dried Dispersion Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Age of Epoxy Dispersion on the Effectiveness of Protection of Concrete Surfaces

Stehlík

2012

Engineering Structures and Technologies

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The scope of this paper is to test stability and mechanical and chemical properties of a modern freshly mixed epoxy dispersion, and as a variant, of a dispersion which is two years old. During ageing, the dispersion particles probably agglomerate, which is tested by laser diffraction and by sedimentation in a cylinder. Physical-mechanical tests assess the appearance, drying speed and mechanical properties of the film. Chemical tests focus on assessing the resistance of films of dispersions of different ages to common chemicals and to chemical defrosting agents. It is possible to say that two years of dispersion storage lead to a considerable increase in the diameter of a certain number of dispersion particles with the subsequent effect of increasing the sedimentation speed. The hardened film of a two-year old dispersion dries faster, has a rougher surface, is softer, but on the other hand, is less elastic and its adhesive capacity to the substrate is worse. Its chemical resistance is decreased but its defrosting agent resistance remains good. Due to the two-year storage of the epoxy dispersion, most of the monitored parameters decrease, nevertheless, certain protection of concrete structures by a hardened film of such epoxy dispersions is possible.

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A quantitative method for analyzing the dispersion and agglomeration of nano-particles in composite materials

Cited by 84 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Nanoparticles for high performance concrete (HPC)

Influence of the Age of Epoxy Dispersion on the Effectiveness of Protection of Concrete Surfaces

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