A quantitative study of cerebral atrophy in old age and senile dementia

Hubbard, B.M.; Anderson, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0022-510x(81)90048-4

Cited by 220 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…42 (range .36-.47). The value from the AD patients in the present study is a mean proportion of .37 (range .33-.43), also similar to the proportion found in Hubbard and Anderson (1981) for senile dementia (mean proportion of .36 for 7 patients).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Left hippocampal volume loss in Alzheimer's disease is reflected in performance on odor identification: A structural MRI study

Murphy

Jernigan

Fennema-Notestine

2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

121

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The very high sensitivity and specificity of odor identification tasks in discriminating between Alzheimer's patients and normals suggests that they reflect the presence of underlying neuropathology. Significant neuropathological changes are seen in areas critical to processing olfactory information, even in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study was designed to investigate whether performance on olfactory tasks (odor threshold and odor identification) was related to volumetric MRI measures of mesial temporal areas central to olfactory information processing and important in the neuropathology of AD. Participants were 8 male and 5 female patients with probable AD, and 10 male and 12 female normal age-matched controls, diagnosed at the UCSD Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The study investigated correlations between volumetric measures of hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala, and the psychophysical measures of olfactory function. Robust relationships were observed between mesial temporal lobe volumes and olfactory functional measures. The finding of a strong relationship between left hippocampal volume and performance on the odor identification task (r 5 .85) is compatible with a left-hemisphere superiority for verbally mediated olfactory tasks. The findings suggest a neural substrate for the breakdown in functional performance on verbally mediated odor identification tasks in Alzheimer's disease and suggest the utility of quantitative MRI measures and psychophysical performance in the assessment of AD. These results support the potential clinical utility of inclusion of odor identification tests in diagnostic batteries for detecting AD. (JINS, 2003, 9, 459-471.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The cortical volumes measured from the in vivo MRI data in these subjects are within the range of post-mortem volume measures in the brains of 19 individuals studied by Hubbard and Anderson (1981). Hubbard and Anderson expressed cortical gray matter as a proportion to total cranial vault and found a mean proportion of .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Left hippocampal volume loss in Alzheimer's disease is reflected in performance on odor identification: A structural MRI study

Murphy

Jernigan

Fennema-Notestine

2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

121

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“…In this figure, the best fitting monotone smooth is drawn through the points. It should be noted that the values obtained for the volume of the cerebral cortex in this sample closely resemble those obtained by Hubbard and Anderson [18] when they measured the volumes of the entire cerebral cortex in the brains of 19 individuals, ranging in age from 23 to 95, examined at autopsy. They expressed their values, which ranged from .45 to .39, as proportions of the volume of the total cranial vault.…”

Section: Regional Variability In Gray Matter Losssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Early autopsy studies of neurologically normal cases revealed age-related decreases in brain weight [10,17] and brain volume [9,18]; and provided evidence that such decreases were accompanied by some degree of neuronal loss in cerebral cortex, brain stem structures, and basal ganglia [5,6,32]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was the first method with sufficient resolution to permit investigation of age-related change in individual cortical and subcortical structures in living human subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Jernigan

Archibald

Fennema-Notestine

et al. 2001

Neurobiology of Aging

822

624

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Normal volunteers, aged 30 to 99 years, were studied with MRI. Age was related to estimated volumes of: gray matter, white matter, and CSF of the cerebrum and cerebellum; gray matter, white matter, white matter abnormality, and CSF within each cerebral lobe; and gray matter of eight subcortical structures. The results were: 1) Age-related losses in the hippocampus were significantly accelerated relative to gray matter losses elsewhere in the brain. 2) Among the cerebral lobes, the frontal lobes were disproportionately affected by cortical volume loss and increased white matter abnormality. 3) Loss of cerebral and cerebellar white matter occurred later than, but was ultimately greater than, loss of gray matter. It is estimated that between the ages of 30 and 90 volume loss averages 14% in the cerebral cortex, 35% in the hippocampus, and 26% in the cerebral white matter. Separate analyses were conducted in which genetic risk associated with the Apolipoprotein E ⑀4 allele was either overrepresented or underrepresented among elderly participants. Accelerated loss of hippocampal volume was observed with both analyses and thus does not appear to be due to the presence of at-risk subjects. MR signal alterations in the tissues of older individuals pose challenges to the validity of current methods of tissue segmentation, and should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

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“…Age-related changes in morphological characteristics of the brtin in n have been amply documented by neuropathological investigatioas dowsky 1978; Ho et al 1980;Davis and Wright 1977;Anderson 1981;Critchley 1942;Brody 1955Brody , 1973Brody , 1978Bugiani et al nderson et al 1980). Most of these studies have focused on decreases in brain w volume, or decreases in volume or cell density of the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Ictroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%