A quantitative study of moisture adsorption in polyimide and its effect on the strength of the polyimide/silicon nitride interface

Jain, Amit; Gupta, Vijay; Basu, Soumendra N.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2005.02.022

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…& Dudt, P.J., 2010;Amirkhizi, et al, 2006;Amini, Isaacs & Nemat-Nasser, 2009;Jain, 2007;Kim, 2008;Youssef, 2011). For example, polyurea adhesive is used in joint construction for civilian and military applications (Jain & Gupta, 2012;Jain, Gupta & Basu, 2005;Jain, Youssef, & Gupta, 2012;Kim, et al, 2012). These joints, and structures in general, are exposed to impact loading with different amplitudes and rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superior impact mitigation properties of polyurea over a wide range of frequencies makes it the ideal candidate for such applications (Barsoum, G.S. & Dudt, P.J., 2010;Amirkhizi, et al, 2006;Amini, Isaacs & Nemat-Nasser, 2009;Jain, 2007;Kim, 2008;Youssef, 2011;Jain & Gupta, 2012;Jain, Gupta & Basu, 2005;Jain, Youssef, & Gupta, 2012;Kim, et al, 2012;Zhao, Knauss, & Ravichandran, 2007;Sarva, et al, 2007;Jiao, Clifton, & Grunschel, 2006;Amini, Isaacs, & Nemat-Nasser, 2010;Gupta, & Youssef, 2014), as does its moisture resistance, especially for joints exposed or submerged in water (Kim, 2008;Kim, et al, 2012). Other applications that make use of the superior moisture resistance properties of polyurea include water well walls and roof protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although polyurea has been extensively studied at different strain rates and levels & Heinrich, 2000;Persson, et al, 2005;Bond, Morton & Krol, 1984;Rahalkar, 1989;Hoppie, 1982;Choi, Roland & Bissonnette, 1994;Davidson et al, 2004;Barsoum, G.S. & Dudt, P.J., 2010;Amirkhizi, et al, 2006;Amini, Isaacs & Nemat-Nasser, 2009;Jain, 2007;Kim, 2008;Youssef, 2011;Jain & Gupta, 2012;Jain, Gupta & Basu, 2005;Jain, Youssef, & Gupta, 2012;Kim, et al, 2012;Zhao, Knauss, & Ravichandran, 2007;Sarva, et al, 2007;Jiao, Clifton, & Grunschel, 2006;Amini, Isaacs, & Nemat-Nasser, 2010;Gupta, & Youssef, 2014;Qiao, et al, 2011;Zhao, Knauss, & Ravichandran, 2009), it is yet to be thoroughly investigated for the effect of weathering conditions, specifically ultra-violet radiation. Jain, Youssef and Gupta (2012) examined the use of polyurea in joint construction to enhance the interfacial strength and fracture toughness of E-glass composite/polyurea/steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of ultraviolet radiation on ultrasonic properties of polyurea

Whitten

Youssef

2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Polyurea is used in military and civilian applications where exposure to the sun is commonly of long duration, which can deteriorate its mechanical performance to suboptimal levels. This study reports on the ultrasonic properties of polyurea as a function of ultraviolet radiation exposure duration and temperature. Six sets of samples were continuously exposed to ultraviolet radiation for different durations up to 15 weeks. Control samples were also tested that did not receive UV exposure. The ultrasonic properties were measured using high-frequency contact ultrasound transducers in pitch-catch configuration. All exposed samples exhibited significant color changes from transparent yellow to opaque light brown. Changes of color were observed as early as 3 weeks of UV exposure. Nonetheless, crazing was only observed in samples of 6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks of continuous exposure. The size of the surface cracks increased as the duration of exposure continued. The effect of extended UV radiation on the acoustic properties was noted to be minimal, where elastic and shear moduli decreased monotonically after an initial increase during the first 3 weeks of exposure. The attenuation properties were measured at 23°C and 40°C. The p-wave attenuation did not show any notable change, while the s-wave attenuation monotonically decreased as the temperature and UV exposure duration increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on ultrasonic properties of polyurea

Whitten

Youssef

2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Electrical failures in microelectronics packaging are a direct result of local delamination at one or several of many heterogeneous interfaces [4][5][6]. In addition to thermal excursions, the interfaces also have to withstand any effects of moisture from the humidity in the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive strength of flip chip packages

Chiang

Chan

Ralph

et al. 2008

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

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“…Beacuse the D it of all samples after 1 week of aging is similar, the V FB difference of these samples shall be attributed to the remaining broken bonds within the polyimide. Jain et al 17 have investigated the adsorption and diffusion of moisture in polyimide and its effect on the adhesion strength of polyimide. They found that the moisture diffuses rapidly through the polyimide and reacts with polyimide and Si-nitride, which leads to the detriment of adhesion strength at the polyimide/Si-nitride interfacial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Charge Neutralization Behavior in Cu∕6FDA-PPD∕Si MIS Capacitors by Capacitance-Voltage Measurement

Yang

Chen²,

Hsu³

2007

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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In this work, the capacitance-voltage ͑C-V͒ characteristics of Cu/2,2Ј-bis-͑3,4-dicarboxyphenyl͒ hexafluoropropane dianhydride ͑6FDA͒-p-phenylene diamine ͑PPD͒/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor ͑MIS͒ capacitors after different annealing processes are investigated. During annealing ͑in N 2 + H 2 ambient and in vacuum͒, positive charges are generated in the capacitors and it leads to a shift of flatband voltage ͑V FB ͒ toward the negative-bias direction. However, the V FB of the annealed samples moves backward ͑the positive bias direction͒ after aging at room temperature in air for 1 week. In addition, stretch-out of C-V curves is observed after the annealing process. Nevertheless, the stretch-out behavior is released after aging in air for 1 week. Influence of annealing condition and time aging effect on C-V characteristics of Cu/6FDA-PPD/Si capacitors are discussed.Polymers, with their flexible and insulating nature, are considered as potential materials to be used in the next-generation microelectronics of miniature and flexible devices. 1,2 Among them, fluorine-contained polyimide have been widely investigated because of their good electrical properties, excellent thermal stability ͑Ͼ500°C͒, superior resistance to chemicals, high transparency in visible light region, and good mechanical properties. 3,4 Most commonly, applications of poyimides are for optoelectronic devices, 5 thin-film transistors ͑TFTs͒, 6 and integrated circuits ͑ICs͒. 7 Investigations of polyimides have been reported in many previous researches; however, most of them were focused on the thermal and mechanical properties of the bulk polyimides. 8-10 Research on the electrical properties of polyimides is deficient. Minor changes in polymers after annealing under the glass transition temperature is often neglected. Nevertheless, very small changes in atomic arrangement within the polymers may affect its electrical property and thus impact the device properties. Because the introduction of polymer materials into electronic devices is inevitable, the details of the electrical properties of polymers after various annealing processes should be clarified.In this study, 2,2Ј-bis-͑3,4-dicarboxyphenyl͒ hexafluoropropane dianhydride ͑6FDA͒-p-phenylene diamine ͑PPD͒ fluorine-contained polyimide was synthesized and annealed in the various annealing processes, and applied as the dielectric layer in the metal-insulatorsemiconductor ͑MIS͒ structure. Through the capacitance-voltage ͑C-V͒ measurement, variations of C-V characteristics after different heat treatments and time aging processes are investigated. The correlation between the electrical behavior and the reactions within the Cu/6FDA-PPD/Si capacitor is also discussed.6FDA, PPD, and anhydrous N-methylpyrrolidine ͑NMP͒ were obtained from the commercial source without further purification. The synthesis reaction of the viscous poly͑amic acid͒ precursor was carried out by mixing 6FDA and PPD monomers with a ratio of 1:1 in an appropriate amount of NMP in N 2 atmosphere at room temperature. The precursor wa...

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A quantitative study of moisture adsorption in polyimide and its effect on the strength of the polyimide/silicon nitride interface

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on ultrasonic properties of polyurea

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on ultrasonic properties of polyurea

Adhesive strength of flip chip packages

Investigation of Charge Neutralization Behavior in Cu∕6FDA-PPD∕Si MIS Capacitors by Capacitance-Voltage Measurement

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