A quantum-based power standard: Using Rydberg atoms for a SI-traceable radio-frequency power measurement technique in rectangular waveguides

Holloway, Christopher L.; Simons, Matthew T.; Kautz, Marcus D.; Haddab, Abdulaziz H.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Crowley, T. P.

doi:10.1063/1.5045212

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Rydberg-atom based sensors offer an ideal platform for precision electrometry by exploiting the large electric dipole moments of Rydberg atoms to enable electric field metrology spanning the full frequency range from DC to microwave (MW) [1] and terahertz (THz) regimes [2,3]. For sensing in the microwave regime, Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [4] is exploited resulting in an Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of the transmission feature proportional to the microwave electric field amplitude to create compact atomic sensors offering SI-traceable calibration from knowledge of the atomic dipole matrix elements [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal State Choice for Rydberg-Atom Microwave Sensors

Chopinaud

Pritchard

2021

Phys. Rev. Applied

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enables realization of atom-based SI-traceable microwave (MW) sensing, imaging and communication devices by exploiting the strong microwave electric dipole coupling of highly excited Rydberg states. Essential to the development of robust devices is a careful characterization of sensor performance and systematic uncertainties. In this work we present a comparison of microwaveinduced EIT splitting in a cesium atomic vapor for four possible Rydberg couplings 65S 1/2 → 65P 1/2 , 66S 1/2 → 66P 3/2 , 79D 5/2 → 81P 3/2 and 62D 5/2 → 60F 7/2 at microwave transition frequencies around 13 GHz. Our work highlights the impact of multi-photon couplings to neighbouring Rydberg states in breaking both the symmetry and linearity of the observed splitting, with excellent agreement between experimental observations and a theoretical model accounting for multi-photon couplings. We identify an optimal angular state choice for robust microwave measurements, as well as demonstrating a new regime in which microwave polarization can be measured.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal State Choice for Rydberg-Atom Microwave Sensors

Chopinaud

Pritchard

2021

Phys. Rev. Applied

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Atom-based measurement serves as a calibration standard for measuring time, length, and other physical quantities [1][2][3] owing to its advantages of reproducibility, accuracy, and stability [4][5][6]. Rydberg atoms [7], as a perfect candidate with large transition dipole moments and strong interatomic interactions, tend to be used for field sensors in microwave measurement [3,8], terahertz communication [9][10][11], and terahertz imaging [12,13]. The sensitivity of microwave electric field (E-field) measurement based on the Rydberg atoms is an ongoing pursuit in recent years [3,8,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rydberg atoms [7], as a perfect candidate with large transition dipole moments and strong interatomic interactions, tend to be used for field sensors in microwave measurement [3,8], terahertz communication [9][10][11], and terahertz imaging [12,13]. The sensitivity of microwave electric field (E-field) measurement based on the Rydberg atoms is an ongoing pursuit in recent years [3,8,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Microwave Electric Field Measurement With Cavity-Assisted Rydberg Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report a scheme for enhancing microwave electric field measurement by cavity-assisted Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in the 87Rb coherent atomic system. The vacuum Rabi splitting appears when the probe field is strongly coupled with intracavity atoms. The cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency with dual-peak profile is observed as a strong coupling laser is further introduced into the optical ring cavity. The optimal atomic density, resulting in an appropriate vacuum Rabi splitting interval and cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency amplitude, is determined for the coupling effect criterion of the probe field and intracavity atoms. Finally, the cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency is employed to accurately measure the microwave electric field strength, and a measurement sensitivity factor of about 2 is improved owing to an enhanced photon–atom interaction. This study is beneficial for the development of compact, broadband, and self-calibrating microwave receivers.

show abstract

“…Atom-based measurements have been successfully used as time, length, and frequency standards due to the unique properties of atoms and molecules [1,2]. The measurement of microwave electric field (E-field) based on a Rydberg atom demonstrates advantages of traceability and self-calibration [3][4][5][6][7] by using the concept of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [8,9] in a room temperature vapor cell. The EIT spectroscopy is obtained by applying the coupling laser excites the atoms to Rydberg state when the probe laser is used to detect the response of the atom, which results in the transparency of the atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Microwave Electric Field Measurement Sensitivity via Multi-Carrier Modulation in Rydberg Atoms

Yuan

Wang

2020

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microwave electric field intensity is precisely measured by the Autler–Townes splitting of electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum in a 5S1/2−5P3/2−57D5/2−58P3/2 four-level ladder-type 85Rb atomic system. A robust multi-carrier modulation scheme is employed to improve the spectral signal-to-noise ratio, which determines the optical readout of Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry. As a result, a factor of 2 measurement sensitivity improvement is clearly achieved compared with the on resonant Autler–Townes splitting case credit to the advantage of matched filtering. This research paves the way for building a high sensitivity, portable sensor and offers a platform for achieving compact and sensitive receiver.

show abstract

A quantum-based power standard: Using Rydberg atoms for a SI-traceable radio-frequency power measurement technique in rectangular waveguides

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Optimal State Choice for Rydberg-Atom Microwave Sensors

Optimal State Choice for Rydberg-Atom Microwave Sensors

Enhanced Microwave Electric Field Measurement With Cavity-Assisted Rydberg Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Improvement of Microwave Electric Field Measurement Sensitivity via Multi-Carrier Modulation in Rydberg Atoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About