A quantum-like model for complementarity of preferences and beliefs in dilemma games

Denolf, Jacob; Martínez-Martínez, Ismael; Josephy, Haeike; Barqué-Duran, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2016.09.004

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our study provides support to the thesis that people's propensity to be persuaded is due to the contextuality (intrinsic indeterminacy) of their representation of the world rather than to limited cognitive capacity or to some bias. In so doing our paper contributes to the growing literature in quantum cognition (see recent contributions in [46][47][48][49] for other examples on how the (quantum) contextuality approach offers a new paradigm for explaining a variety of behavioral phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Phishing for (Quantum-Like) Phools—Theory and Experimental Evidence

Lambert-Mogiliansky

Calmettes

2021

Symmetry

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Quantum-like decision theory is by now a theoretically well-developed field (see e.g., Danilov, Lambert-Mogiliansky & Vergopoulos, 2018). We provide a first test of the predictions of an application of this approach to persuasion. One remarkable result entails that, in contrast to Bayesian persuasion, distraction rather than relevant information has a powerful potential to influence decision-making. We first develop a quantum decision model of choice between two uncertain alternatives. We derive the impact of persuasion by means of distractive questions and contrast them with the predictions of the Bayesian model. Next, we provide the results from a first test of the theory. We conducted an experiment where respondents choose between supporting either one of two projects to save endangered species. We tested the impact of persuasion in the form of questions related to different aspects of the uncertain value of the two projects. The experiment involved 1253 respondents divided into three groups: a control group, a first treatment group and the distraction treatment group. Our main result is that, in accordance with the predictions of quantum persuasion but in violation with the Bayesian model, distraction significantly affects decision-making. Population variables play no role. Some significant variations between subgroups are exhibited and discussed. The results of the experiment provide support for the hypothesis that the manipulability of people’s decision-making can to some extent be explained by the quantum indeterminacy of their subjective representation of reality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Phishing for (Quantum-Like) Phools—Theory and Experimental Evidence

Lambert-Mogiliansky

Calmettes

2021

Symmetry

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“…Additional situations in psychology which are amenable to QBN modeling include other irrational behaviors such as with placing bets in which, if a bet is won it is played again, if a bet is lost it is still played again, but if it is not told whether it is a win or a loss, the bet is not played again [ 22 ]. This type of behavior is referred to as violating the Sure Thing Principle, which describes otherwise logically self-consistent and rational decisions, and has been modeled with QBNs [ 13 , 23 , 24 ]. A similar irrational behavior is to continue adopting a losing strategy which eventually yields a winning strategy, which collectively exceeds the total probability ( p > 1.0) of all outcomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar irrational behavior is to continue adopting a losing strategy which eventually yields a winning strategy, which collectively exceeds the total probability ( p > 1.0) of all outcomes. This situation is referred to as Parrondo’s paradox, which defies traditional probabilistic decision modeling, but also has been represented with QBNs [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In general, such nonintuitive human behaviors which violate rules of classical probability theory tend to result in part because people largely cannot mentally process large amounts of data [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EcoQBNs: First Application of Ecological Modeling with Quantum Bayesian Networks

Marcot

2021

Entropy

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A recent advancement in modeling was the development of quantum Bayesian networks (QBNs). QBNs generally differ from BNs by substituting traditional Bayes calculus in probability tables with the quantum amplification wave functions. QBNs can solve a variety of problems which are unsolvable by, or are too complex for, traditional BNs. These include problems with feedback loops and temporal expansions; problems with non-commutative dependencies in which the order of the specification of priors affects the posterior outcomes; problems with intransitive dependencies constituting the circular dominance of the outcomes; problems in which the input variables can affect each other, even if they are not causally linked (entanglement); problems in which there may be >1 dominant probability outcome dependent on small variations in inputs (superpositioning); and problems in which the outcomes are nonintuitive and defy traditional probability calculus (Parrondo’s paradox and the violation of the Sure Thing Principle). I present simple examples of these situations illustrating problems in prediction and diagnosis, and I demonstrate how BN solutions are infeasible, or at best require overly-complex latent variable structures. I then argue that many problems in ecology and evolution can be better depicted with ecological QBN (EcoQBN) modeling. The situations that fit these kinds of problems include noncommutative and intransitive ecosystems responding to suites of disturbance regimes with no specific or single climax condition, or that respond differently depending on the specific sequence of the disturbances (priors). Case examples are presented on the evaluation of habitat conditions for a bat species, representing state-transition models of a boreal forest under disturbance, and the entrainment of auditory signals among organisms. I argue that many current ecological analysis structures—such as state-and-transition models, predator–prey dynamics, the evolution of symbiotic relationships, ecological disturbance models, and much more—could greatly benefit from a QBN approach. I conclude by presenting EcoQBNs as a nascent field needing the further development of the quantum mathematical structures and, eventually, adjuncts to existing BN modeling shells or entirely new software programs to facilitate model development and application.

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“…First, a scaling factor can be introduced. This is the solution used in [7]. Keeping the notations defined as in the previous section, for all |ψ define C M as:…”

Section: Sum Of Probabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we present an idea which also goes beyond orthodox quantumlike techniques. This new technique was originally formulated for a specific setting in [10] and further developed and tested in the recently submitted [7]. In these two papers, a model is constructed which deals with the relationship of a participant's beliefs and preferences in a game theoretic setting, taken from [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Attempt at Ordinal Projective Measurement

Denolf

2017

Quantum Interaction

Self Cite

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To our knowledge, all applications of the quantum framework in social sciences are used to model measurements done on a discrete nominal scale. However, especially in cognition, experiments often produce data on an ordinal scale, which implies some internal structure between the possible outcomes. Since there are no ordinal scales in physics, orthodox projection-valued measurement (PVM) lacks the tools and methods to deal with these ordinal scales. Here, we sketch out an attempt to incorporate the ordinal structure of outcomes into the subspaces representing these outcomes. This will also allow us to reduce the dimensionality of the resulting Hilbert spaces, as these often become too high in more complex quantum-like models. To do so, we loosen restrictions placed upon the PVM (and even POVM) framework. We discuss the two major consequences of this generalization: scaling and the loss of repeatability. We also present two applications of this approach, one in game theory and one concerning Likert scales.

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A quantum-like model for complementarity of preferences and beliefs in dilemma games

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Phishing for (Quantum-Like) Phools—Theory and Experimental Evidence

Phishing for (Quantum-Like) Phools—Theory and Experimental Evidence

EcoQBNs: First Application of Ecological Modeling with Quantum Bayesian Networks

A First Attempt at Ordinal Projective Measurement

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