A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT): Usefulness in dementia evaluations in primary care

Kvitting, Anna Segernäs; Wimo, Anders; Johansson, Maria; Marcusson, Jan

doi:10.3109/02813432.2012.751699

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The ideal cognitive screening test for primary care would be brief, easily administrable, and scored with high sensitivity and specificity for identifying impairment (Milne et al, 2008;Holsinger et al, 2012). So it has been suggested that AQT could replace CDT in combination with MMSE for dementia evaluation (Kvitting et al, 2013). Alas, the CDT has proved to be difficult to assess in the primary care setting (Ehreke et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years

Petrazzuoli

Palmqvist

Thulesius

et al. 2014

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Background: A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a brief test that can identify cognitive impairment. AQT has been validated in Arabic, English, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. The aim of this study was to develop Italian criterion-referenced norms for AQT. Methods: AQT consists of three test plates where the patient shall rapidly name (1) the color of 40 blue, red, yellow, or black squares (AQT color), (2) the form of 40 black figures (circles, squares, triangles, or rectangles; AQT form), (3) the color and form of 40 figures (consisting of previous colors and forms; AQT color-form). The AQT test was administered to 121 Italian cognitively healthy primary care patients (age range: 45-90 years). Their mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 28.8 ± 0.9 points (range 26-30 points). AQT naming times in seconds were used for developing preliminary criterion cut-off times for different age groups. Results: Age was found to have a significant moderate positive correlation with AQT naming times color (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), form (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), color-form (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with MMSE score (r = -0.44, p < 0.001) and AQT naming times differed significantly between younger (45-55 years old), older (56-70 years old), and the oldest (71-90 years old) participants. Years of education correlated positively but weakly with MMSE score (r = 0.27, p = 0.003) and negatively but weakly with AQT color (r = -0.16, p = ns), form (r = -0.24, p = 0.007), and color-form (r = -0.19, p = 0.005). We established preliminary cut-off times for the AQT test based on +1 and +2 standard deviations according to the approach in other languages and settings. Conclusions: This is the first Italian normative AQT study. Future studies of AQT - a test useful for dementia screening in primary care - will eventually refine cut-off times for normality balancing sensitivity and specificity in cognitive diagnostics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years

Petrazzuoli

Palmqvist

Thulesius

et al. 2014

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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“…Parts one and two are measures of perceptual speed, whereas part three is a measure of cognitive speed, including set shifting, attention, and working memory. AQT has proven reliability and validity for the detection of early dementia [30][31][32], and is used as a routine cognitive screening test in southern Sweden. In line with the most other studies including AQT testing, only data from AQT part three were analysed in the present study.…”

Section: Cognitive Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function

Nilsson

Elmståhl²,

Minthon

et al. 2014

Journal of Hypertension

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“…Traditional cognitive status scales show little sensitivity in distinguishing between the normal range of cognitive function and cognitive impairments [7] and are in uenced by culture, language, and education [9]. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are diagnostic tests for dementia, whose accuracy is still questionable, and which limits the ability to diagnose patients with early-stage dementia and MCI [10]. In contrast, the use of visual-verbal scales such as A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) that are not in uenced by factors such as gender, formal education beyond the acquisition of literacy (Grades 5 to 8), and culture, can distinguish between normal aging and cognitive disorders caused by disease [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AQT measures the speed of perception, retrieval, and naming of basic colors and forms in singledimension naming and cognitive speed associated with central executive functions (attention, working memory, and set shifting) in dual-dimension naming of color-form combinations. Studies showed that a decline in the speed of perception and cognition precedes a decline in linguistic-cognitive abilities in mild to moderate severity of AD [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults

Afshar

Wiig

Malakouti

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cognitive disorders are one of the most important issues in old age. They may remain hidden in the early stages. There are many cognitive tests, but some variables affect their results (e.g., age and education.) This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults.Methods: This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of AQT. 114 older adults participated in the study and were divided into three groups (46 with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), 24 with dementia, and 45 without MCI and dementia) based on the diagnosis of two geriatric psychiatrists. Participants were assessed by AQT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ROC curve by SPSS v.23.Results: There was no significant correlation between AQT subscales and age and no significant difference between the AQT subscales in male and female, educational levels, and marital status. The test-retest correlations (r) were significant for Color (C) 0.84, Form (F) 0.91 and Color-Form (CF) 0.94. Convergent validity was significant between MMSE and AQT. Its correlation was with Color -0.78, Form -0.71, and Color-Form -0.72. The cut-off point for Color was 43.50 s, Form 52 s, and Color-Form 89 s were based on sensitivity and specificity for differentiating older patients with MCI with controls. The cut-off point for Color was 62.50 s, for Form 111 s, and Color-Form 197.50 s based on sensitivity and specificity measures for differentiating older patients with dementia and MCI.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive function in older adults.

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A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT): Usefulness in dementia evaluations in primary care

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years

Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function

Reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults

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