A rabbit model of toxic shock syndrome: clinicopathological features

Arko, R J; Rasheed, J. Kamile; Broome, Claire V.; Chandler, Francis W.; Paris, Allen

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(84)93859-3

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Histopathology. Rabbits dying 1 to 3 days after intravenotis injection of TSST-1 alone or in combination with endotoxin showed gross and microscopic lesions similar to those described in rabbits dying after infection of subcutaneous chambers with TSST-1-producing strains of S. aureus (1). The most severe lesions appeared in organs rich in lymphoid and mononuclear phagocytic cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Necropsies were performed on most rabbits within 4 h after death; a few were refrigerated for 24 h before necropsy. Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered Formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 ,um, and stained as previously described (1,23). All tissues were examined by a pathologist in a blinded manner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because TSS-related strains of S. aureuis which produce TSST-1 are more lethal in rabbits than control strains (1,30) and because purified TSST-1 is quite toxic to rabbits, this animal appears to be the experimental host of choice for studying the relationship of the toxin to TSS; nevertheless, results obtained with TSST-1 in the rabbit have sometimes been ambiguous. In one investigation the 50% lethal intra-* Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Affinity purification of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and its pathologic effects in rabbits

Reeves¹,

Arko²,

Chandler³

et al. 1986

Infect Immun

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Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) was purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. The amino acid composition of the toxin was very similar to that reported for TSST-1 by other investigators. The amino-terminal amino acid was serine. A partial specific volume of 0.73 ml/g was calculated for the toxin from the amino acid data, and a molecular weight of 19,200 1,300 was determined by hydrodynamic methods. New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were equally susceptible to the lethal effects of the toxin; however, older rabbits (>12 months) were far more susceptible than young adults or weanlings. The 50% lethal dose of TSST-1 in older rabbits was 50 to 60 pug/kg when injected subcutaneously and 20 to 30 ,ug/kg when injected intravenously. Enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock by TSST-1 could not be demonstrated when both toxins were injected subcutaneously; however, lethal shock did occur when endotoxin (10 ,ug/kg) was injected intravenously after TSST-1 had been injected by either the subcutaneous (50 to 60 pug/kg) or the intravenous (20 to 30 ,ug/kg) route. Endotoxin alone was not lethal at a dose of 500 ,ug/kg of body weight when injected subcutaneously. When injected intravenously, endotoxin at a dose of 500 ,ug/kg was not lethal in weanling males or in females in any age group; however, young (6 to 7 months) and adult (>12 months) males were killed by endotoxin doses as low as 45 to 50 ,ug/kg. Histopathologic studies of rabbits by both sexes which died as a result of TSST-1 alone or in combination with endotoxin showed extensive damage to organs rich in lymphoid and mononuclear phagocytic cells such as the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Severe congestion of these organs as well as erythrophagocytosis and lymphoid depletion in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were noted. Congestion and hemorrhage were also found in the heart, lungs, trachea, and thymus. The systemic pathology produced by TSST-1 was strikingly similar to that seen in humans who had died of toxic shock syndrome and in rabbits with subcutaneous chambers inoculated with toxic shock case strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Rabbits that were not killed by the toxin suffered a very rapid and severe leukopenia followed by leukocytosis with a left shift. Lymphopenia was also noted as was a mild but persistent anemia. With the exception of the early leukopenia, very similar hematologic findings have been noted in humans with toxic shock syndrome. 46:354-360.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affinity purification of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and its pathologic effects in rabbits

Reeves¹,

Arko²,

Chandler³

et al. 1986

Infect Immun

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“…Bolus injection seems to have less reproducible effects than does continuous toxin exposure, which has been achieved in various ways. Currently, a popular model for TSS involves the use of New Zealand White rabbits with a subcutaneous (4,129,152) or intrauterine (51) reservoir. The injection of TSST-1 (or of TSST-1-producing S. aureus strains) into the reservoirs is sufficient to result in a clinical illness in the rabbits similar to TSS in humans (although no rash is seen), while isogenic strains not possessing the tst gene do not cause a similar illness (51,128) 39, p. 39), as did the use of tampon material saturated with TSST-1 and endotoxin in mice (165).…”

Section: Effects Of Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic shock syndrome

Todd¹

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

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In the past 10 years, we have learned much about TSS and S. aureus and its toxins. A number of important biologic principles have been reemphasized in this first decade of TSS research: S. aureus is a very complex organism, one not likely to yield quick answers; in vitro observations must always be confirmed in the patient; animal models may not always be reliable replicates of human disease; and epidemiologic associations cannot be equated with causation. Toxic shock is an intricate phenomenon with many interesting scientific facets. Unraveling its mysteries will undoubtedly teach us more about the complex interaction of patients and microorganisms.

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“…Epidemiologic studies of TSS have implicated colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the use of tampons or surgical gauze pads as risk factors for the development of the syndrome (1,3,4). An extracellular protein of S. aureus, TSS toxin-l (TSST-1), with a mol wt of 22,049 D has been isolated (1,5) and was shown to produce a TSS-like picture in rabbits (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of surface proteins in staphylococcal adherence to fibers in vitro.

Cheung¹,

Fischetti²

1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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To study the role of surface proteins in the adherence ofStaphylococcus aureus to fibers that are used in tampon and surgical gauze pad manufacture, we have developed an adherence assay with S. aureus cells and cotton and rayon fibers. Results suggest that staphylococcal adherence is dependent on both the substrate and the material used to coat these fibers. Scanning electron micrographs supported the adherence results and revealed more cells on the surface of cotton than rayon fibers.Treatment of staphylococcal cells with proteolytic enzymes significantly reduced binding to pure cotton and detergenttreated cotton fibers. Immunoblot analysis of cell wall proteins suggested that surface proteins in the mol wt range of 120-220 kD were involved in the adherence of S. aureus to cotton fibers. Although the adherence of S. aureus to cotton fibers alone appeared to be mediated through surface charge or hydrophobic interactions, bacterial binding to fibers which have been pretreated with defibrinated blood appeared to be more specific and independent of the surface constituents of the fibers. The results of these studies implicate staphylococcal surface proteins in the adherence of S. aureus to commercially available tampon fibers and surgical gauze pads.

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A rabbit model of toxic shock syndrome: clinicopathological features

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Affinity purification of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and its pathologic effects in rabbits

Affinity purification of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and its pathologic effects in rabbits

Toxic shock syndrome

Role of surface proteins in staphylococcal adherence to fibers in vitro.

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