A Radiologic Review of Common Breast Disorders in Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period

Canoy, James; Mitchell, Grace S.; Unold, David; Miller, Virginia

doi:10.1053/j.sult.2011.10.002

Cited by 14 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…MG generally shows non-specific signs, the most common of which is focal asymmetric increased density, ill-defined borders, and mass effect, or irregular masses with ill-demarcated borders (3, 8, 9, 11-15). MG has low sensitivity for this condition, particularly when considering the younger population that is affected, as the abovementioned findings may not be detected in women with dense breast tissue (3, 6, 13, 16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Findings in Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundGranulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare inflammatory breast disease that may mimic the clinical characteristics and radiologic imaging findings of breast carcinoma. Considering the importance of making a correct diagnosis, careful radiologic evaluations and recognition of imaging features are necessary.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review the radiological findings and diagnostic value of the imaging in GM.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study involved a total of 29 patients who were diagnosed with GM between 2009 and 2013 and who underwent mammography (MG) and/or ultrasound (US) examination in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before diagnosis.ResultsAmong 14 patients over 35 years of age who underwent MG imaging, focal asymmetric, ill-defined nodular, or diffusely increased densities were detected in nine (64.3%), two (14.3%), and one (7.1%) subjects, respectively, while there were no pathological findings in two (14.3%) patients. In the overall group of 29 patients, US showed heterogeneous hypoechoic lesions with tubular extensions in 16 (55.2%), well-demarcated heterogeneous hypoechoic lesions in eight (27.6%), parenchymal heterogeneous appearance in three (10.3%), and a heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion with irregular margins in one (3.4%), with another (3.4%) patient having normal US findings. MRI findings included lesions consistent with solitary or multiple separate or confluent abscesses with marked peripheral ring enhancement in 25 (86.2%) patients, accompanied by intensity changes suggesting edematous inflammation in the peripheral parenchyma, as well as non-mass-like heterogeneous segmental and regional contrast enhancement. Four (13.8%) patients had non-mass-like segmental and regional contrast enhancement only. A histopathological diagnosis of GM was established in all patients with biopsy.ConclusionGM presents with a wide range of conventional radiological findings, hampering the diagnosis. In patients with inconclusive conventional findings, MRI may assist in the differential diagnosis and assessment of the extent of disease. However, a definitive diagnosis and relevant treatment require histopathological confirmation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Findings in Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The changes seen on ultrasound imaging of the breast during those periods can simulate the presence of some diseases, as well as making it difficult to assess other, pre-existing, diseases (4) . However, some benign processes, such as trauma and inflammation, which can be confused with malignancy, hinder the diagnosis when they occur concomitantly with pregnancy or lactation 5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological changes during pregnancy and lactation increase breast density (2,4,6) , particularly in young women (4) , and make it technically difficult to evaluate breast imaging examinations (4,6) . Although an increase in breast density limits the use of mammography (4) , there is no consensus as to whether the evaluation of the image is so compromised during pregnancy and lactation that the use mammography should be avoided when it is clinically indicated (7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an increase in breast density limits the use of mammography (4) , there is no consensus as to whether the evaluation of the image is so compromised during pregnancy and lactation that the use mammography should be avoided when it is clinically indicated (7) . However, because of the risk that ionizing radiation poses to the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy (i.e., during organogenesis), mammography should be avoided during that period, although it has been shown that there is an association with malformations only when the irradiation is approximately 2 million times higher than the norm (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because normal physiological changes can obscure the diagnosis of breast diseases in pregnant or lactating women, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also not commonly used is such women, ultrasound and mammography being more appropriate (4) . However, MRI is indicated in certain situations, such as when cancer occurs during pregnancy and there is a need to assess its extent, as well as to determine whether or not it is multifocal (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation, diagnostic ultrasound of the breast during these periods is a challenge for physicians. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of imaging, anatomy, and physiology of the breast is important to effectively diagnosing diseases that can arise in women who are pregnancy or lactating. The aim of this article was to review the physiological changes that occur in the breasts during pregnancy and lactation, as well as to describe the main features of the breast diseases that occur most frequently during these periods.

show abstract