A randomised clinical study to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on plaque oral microbiome ecology

Adams, S E; Arnold, David H.; Murphy, Barry; Carroll, Peter R.; Green, A. K.; Smith, Adrian; Marsh, Philip; Chen, T.; Marriott, R. E.; Brading, M G

doi:10.1038/srep43344

Cited by 95 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…For example, studies evaluating toothpastes containing arginine reported a decrease in bacterial diversity and especially antimicrobial effects on Streptococcus . Another study that evaluated a toothpaste containing lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin reported a microbiome shift after 12 weeks usage in form of increasing number of bacterial species associated with periodontal health and decrease in periodontal disease associated species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No differences in microbiome changes between anti‐adhesive and antibacterial ingredients in toothpastes during periodontal therapy

Hagenfeld

Prior

Harks

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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Aim This subgroup analysis of a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, and two‐center trial aimed to evaluate whether two different toothpaste formulations can differentially modulate the dental microbiome. Material and Methods Forty one mild to moderate periodontitis patients used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment either a toothpaste with anti‐adhesive zinc‐substituted carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) or with antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2) during a 12‐week period. Plaque samples from buccal/lingual, interproximal, and subgingival sites were taken at baseline, 4 weeks after oral hygiene phase, and 8 weeks after periodontal therapy. Samples were analyzed with paired‐end Illumina Miseq 16S rDNA sequencing. The differences and changes on community level (alpha and beta diversity) and on the level of single agglomerated ribosomal sequence variants (aRSV) were calculated with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and likelihood ratio test (LRT). Results Interproximal and subgingival sites harbored predominately Fusobacterium and Prevotella species associated with periodontitis, whereas buccal/lingual sites harbored mainly Streptococcus and Veillonella species associated with periodontal health. Alpha and beta diversity did not change noticeably differently between both toothpaste groups (P > 0.05, ANCOVA). Furthermore, none of the aRSVs showed a noticeably different change between the tested toothpastes during periodontal therapy (Padj .> 0.05, LRT). Conclusion The use of a toothpaste containing anti‐adhesive HA did not induce statistically noticeably different changes on microbial composition compared to an antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive AmF/SnF2 formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No differences in microbiome changes between anti‐adhesive and antibacterial ingredients in toothpastes during periodontal therapy

Hagenfeld

Prior

Harks

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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“…The inclusion of enzymes and moisturizers in oral care products may, however, alleviate subjectively perceived symptoms of dry mouth and support biofilm stability. For example, a 14‐wk use of fluoride toothpaste supplemented with lysozyme, lactoferrin, and proteins generating hydrogen peroxide and hypothiocyanite can alter the composition of saliva by increasing the proportion of bacteria associated with gum health and decreasing the proportion of bacteria associated with disease . However, whether a similar shift takes place with respect to caries in caries‐active patients remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Clinical Measures To Interfere With the Drivers Of Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of dental caries as a non‐communicable disease

Twetman

2018

European J Oral Sciences

101

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Today, dental caries is regarded as a preventable non-communicable disease (NCD) that affects a majority of the population across their lifespan. As such, it shares a number of behavioural, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors with other NCDs, such as overweight and diabetes, and should be subjected to a similar model of chronic disease management. Caries prevention has traditionally relied on fluoride exposure, diet control, thorough oral hygiene, and antibacterial measures. Prevention of caries as an NCD does certainly not disqualify these methods, but brings them into a new context. This conference paper provides a brief review on how common preventive measures can interfere with the drivers of dysbiosis and promote the growth of health-associated clusters in the oral microbiome. Besides the established routines of regular toothbrushing with fluoride products, there is an opportunity for additional technologies, based on ecological principles, to address and modify the oral biofilm. Methods to reduce dietary sugar intake, slow down plaque metabolism, and support saliva functions should be further developed and investigated in terms of efficacy, compliance, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, biofilm engineering through pre- and probiotics early in life to support microbial diversity seem promising in order to obtain a sustained caries-preventive effect.

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“…The recently demonstrated effects of a dentifrice containing enzymes that stimulate the salivary lactoperoxidase system illustrate the importance of innate defence factors in saliva. Following a 14‐wk test period, significant increases in 12 taxa associated with periodontal health, and a significant decrease in 10 taxa associated with periodontal disease, were observed compared with the control group . Furthermore, saliva buffers the pH in the dental biofilms to around neutrality, creating an environment that is conducive to the growth of bacteria that are beneficial .…”

Section: Host Factors That May Cause Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral microbiome – friend or foe?

Kilian

2018

European J Oral Sciences

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The microbiome and the human body constitute an integrated superorganism, which is the result of millions of years of coevolution with mutual adaptation and functional integration, and confers significant benefits for both parties. This evolutionary process has resulted in a highly diverse oral microbiome, which covers the full spectrum of acidogenic, aciduric, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. The relative proportions of members of the microbiome are affected by factors associated with modern life, such as general diet patterns, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, and vaccines. A perturbed balance in the oral microbiome may result in caries, periodontal disease, or candidiasis, and oral bacteria passively transferred to normally sterile parts of the body may cause extra-oral infections. Nevertheless, it should never be our goal to eliminate the oral microbiome, but rather we have to develop ways to re-establish a harmonious coexistence that is lost because of the modern lifestyle. With regard to oral diseases, this goal can normally be achieved by optimal oral hygiene, exposure to fluoride, reduction of sucrose consumption, stimulation of our innate immune defense, smoking cessation, and control of diabetes.

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A randomised clinical study to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on plaque oral microbiome ecology

Cited by 95 publications

References 94 publications

No differences in microbiome changes between anti‐adhesive and antibacterial ingredients in toothpastes during periodontal therapy

No differences in microbiome changes between anti‐adhesive and antibacterial ingredients in toothpastes during periodontal therapy

Prevention of dental caries as a non‐communicable disease

The oral microbiome – friend or foe?

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