A randomized control trial for reduction of caloric and non-caloric sweetened beverages in young adults: effects in weight, body composition and blood pressure

Abstract

ResumenIntroducción: recientemente se ha documentado que el consumo de bebidas dulces calóricas y no calóricas ha incrementado como una opción para el control de peso. Sin embargo, algunos ensayos clínicos han demostrado solo pérdidas de peso modestas. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la reducción del consumo de bebidas con endulzantes calóricos y no calóricos en el peso, composición corporal y presión arterial en adultos jóvenes mexicanos. Métodos: en un ensayo clínico controlado fueron asignados al azar 148 estudiantes de enfermería a 3 grupos: 1) no se permitió consumo de bebidas endulzadas, solo agua simple, café o infusiones sin azúcar; 2) consumo de bebidas con endulzantes no calóricos; y 3) ninguna restricción en el consumo de bebidas. A todos los grupos se les proporcionó una dieta individualizada isocalórica que fue monitoreada mediante un recordatorio de 24 horas y un cuestionario de frecuencia consumo de alimentos. Al inicio del estudio, tres y seis meses después se tomó la presión arterial, peso, circunferencia de cintura y composición corporal mediante impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas en el cambio del índice de masa corporal a los tres meses, el cual disminuyó en los grupos 1 y 2 y aumentó en el grupo 3 (-1,75 vs. -0,61 vs. 0,54% de cambio, p < 0,001). A los 6 meses se encontraron diferencias en el cambio de la circunferencia de cintura (-4,07 vs. -1,23 vs. 0,62% de cambio, p < 0,001) y en el consumo de azúcar (-62,0 vs. -54,61 vs. 11,08% de cambio, p < 0,001) en los grupo 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. Conclusiones: la reducción del consumo de bebidas endulzadas calóricas y no calóricas contribuye a una reducción signifi cativa del índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de cintura. AbstractIntroduction: Recently has been documented that the consumption of sweetened non-caloric beverages has increased as an option to weight control, however randomized control trials have demonstrated a modest weight loss. Objective: To evaluate the effect of reducing consumption of beverage with caloric and non-caloric sweeteners on weight, body composition and blood pressure in young Mexican adults. Methods: In an experimental study 148 nursing students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1) no sweetened beverages were permitted, only plain water, tea or coffee without sugar; 2) consumption of beverages with non-caloric sweeteners was allowed; and 3) no restriction of sweetened beverages was imposed. All groups were given individualized isocaloric diets monitored by a 24-hour record of consumption and food frequency questionnaire and blood pressure, weight, waist circumference and body composition by tetrapolar bioelectric impedance were taken at the beginning of the study and three and six months later. Results: Differences between groups were found in body mass index at 3 months that decrease in group 1 and 2 and increase in group 3 (-1.75 vs. -0.61 vs. 0.54% of change, p < 0.001). At six months there were also statistical differenc...

The effects of low-calorie sweeteners on energy intake and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analyses of sustained intervention studies

“…(1) LCS vs sugar Included Studies. A total of 51 studies compared LCS with sugar: 37 parallel-groups studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] (one of these 21 was partly reported earlier in 59 ) and 14 cross-over studies [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] .…”

“…All other articles included both female and male participants (or gender was not specified 46,47 ), with results reported separately for females and males in three articles 54,58,65 . In 33 studies the LCS vs sugar intervention involved beverages only [21][22][23][24][28][29][30]41,[42][43][44][45][46]48,50,52,[55][56][57][58]60,65,67,68 , and in 18 studies it involved beverages and foods 26,49,51,53,54,[61][62][63][64]66 . The LCS was aspartame in 24 studies [21][22][23]26,[28][29][30]49,[55][56]…”

“…The LCS was aspartame in 24 studies [21][22][23]26,[28][29][30]49,[55][56][57][58]61,64,65 , sucralose in six studies 23,44,45,50,51 , saccharin in four studies 23,62,64 , stevia/rebaudioside A in three studies 23,51,68 and cyclamate in one study 63 . The type of LCS was mixed 41,53,54,60,66,67 or not specified 24,42,43,[46][47][48]52 in 13 studies. For the parallel-groups studies the median duration of the interventions was weeks (1 to 78 weeks; mean = 16.5 weeks), and for the cross-over studies it was 3 weeks (1 to weeks; mean = 3.2 weeks).…”

“…Assessments of ROB are summarised in SI Table 1a. Judgements of low ROB for use of ITT analysis were given to 22 studies 23,24,28,41,49,53,[60][61][62][63][64]66,68 , and judgements of low ROB for low drop out were given to 34 studies 24,28,30,42,43,45,[48][49][50][51][52][53]57,58,[60][61][62][63][64][66][67][68] . For 35 studies, the authors report that participants were blinded to the intervention 23,[28][29][30]41,44,45,49,53,55,57,58,60,61,…”

Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape

“…We found 31 interventional studies (27 RCTs [ 58 , 61 , 62 , 74 , 77 , 184 – 205 ] and 4 non-RCTs [ 67 , 68 , 79 , 206 ]) and 36 observational studies [ 158 , 159 , 202 , 203 , 207 – 241 ] on the effect of NNS consumption on BMI or weight change, including recently published studies, which were not included in the systematic reviews presented above.…”