A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of 12 Weeks of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercises Training on the Serum Levels of Nesfatin-1, Irisin-1 and HOMA-IR

Abstract

Background/objective:This study aimed to investigate the impacts of a 12-week training of the aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and combined exercise (CE) on the serum levels of nesfatin-1, irisin-1 and some other metabolic and anthropometric indices in overweight women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Sixty overweight women with metabolic syndrome were assigned equally into four groups: aerobic exercise (AE, n = 15), resistance exercise (RE, n = 15), combined exercise (CE, n = 15), and control (n = 15). All groups underwent 12 weeks of intervention. The study variables were measured before and 24 h after the intervention period. Results: Twelve weeks of training resulted in an increase of irisin-1 in the AE and CE groups and nesfatin-1 in all the intervention groups. As expected, all the trained groups exhibited a positive alteration in anthropometric indices and lipid profile in comparison with the control group. Besides, compared with the control group, insulin resistance (based on the homeostatic model assessment) in AE (p = 0.022), RE (p = 0.032), and CE (p < 0.001) groups were reduced significantly. According to the observed changes in the measured indices, serum irisin-1 was significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. However, with regard to nesfatin-1, only a negative correlation was observed with body fat percentage and LDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: The 12-week systematic training program changed circulating irisin-1 and nesfatin-1. Also, change in the serum irisin-1 and nesfatin-1 were correlated Amanat et al. Exercise and Nesfatin-1 and Irisin-1 with the change in glycemic and anthropometric indices in addition to LDL-cholesterol. Also, exercise training significantly reduced fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in all the intervention groups.

Effect of Chronic Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The results of the meta-analysis indicated a moderate and non-significant effect of resistance training programs in increasing circulating irisin, as indicated by the overall effect size in Figure 2 (d = 0.58, 95% CI: −0.25 to 1.40, p = 0.17). [35][36][37][38][39]41,42]. Squares represent the standardized mean difference for each study and diamond represents the overall estimated effect across the studies.…”

“…Therefore, subgroup analysis showed significant differences across groups according to (a) age (χ 2 = 15.66, p < 0.001) with a high and significant increase in circulating irisin in the older adults group (d = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.70, p < 0.001) and a non-significant increase in adults group (d = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.64 to 0.73, p = 0.36) ( Figure 3); (b) change in % body fat (χ 2 = 12.93, p < 0.001) with non-significant changes in circulating irisin when the % body fat did not change during the intervention period (d = −0.42, 95% CI: −1.13 to 0.30, p = 0.25) and a high and significant increment when the % body fat decreased throughout the intervention period (d = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.12, p < 0.001) ( Figure 4); (c) intervention duration (χ 2 = 17.52, p < 0.001), with a high and significant increase in circulating irisin when the duration of the intervention was less or equal to 12 weeks (d = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.91, p = 0.005) and moderate and significant decreases when it lasted more than 4 months (d = −0.68, 95% CI: −1.01 to −0.35, p < 0.001) ( Figure 5); and (d) supervised sessions (χ 2 = 8.35, p = 0.004) with a moderate and significant decrease in circulating irisin when less than 80% of the sessions were supervised (d = −0.73, 95% CI: −1.21 to −0.25, p = 0.004) and high but non-significant increases when more than 80% of the sessions were supervised (d = 0.82, 95% CI: −0.11 to 1.76, p = 0.09) ( Figure 6). [35][36][37][38][39]41,42]. Squares represent the standardized mean difference for each study and diamonds represent the subgroup estimated effect across the studies.…”

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Mitochondrial Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Exercise prescriptions based on endurance, aerobic interval, and/or muscular-strengthening exercises have been used for improving physical and metabolic parameters in MetS [ 20 , 21 ] as well as prevention [ 65 ]. This study showed the effect of a combined exercise modality consisting of endurance and resistance training regimens on the circulating biomarker levels of mitochondrial stress along with improved physical fitness and alleviated cardio-metabolic risks.…”

“…To maximize the physical and metabolic benefits from exercise training, we adopted a combined endurance and strength exercise regimen. We used a 12-week intervention program which enhanced physical fitness, as well as metabolic improvements were shown [ 20 , 21 ]. Participants performed a 50 min exercise routine that combined step aerobics using height-adjustable platforms and progressive strength training using various body weights and elastic bands (Thera-Band, Hygenic Co., Akron, OH, USA).…”

Associations of Circulating Irisin with FNDC5 Expression in Fat and Muscle in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…Similar divergent results have been reported for the correlation between circulating irisin and insulin resistance [ 19 ]. Although most studies agree that circulating irisin is positively correlated with insulin resistance, no consensus opinion exists regarding the association of irisin and metabolic syndrome [ 15 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Those who observed that a reduction in irisin is associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia or metabolic syndrome suggest the protective role of irisin against insulin resistance, similar to the relationship observed with adiponectin in metabolic diseases.…”