A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol to Test the Efficacy of a Dual-Task Multicomponent Exercise Program vs. a Simple Program on Cognitive and Fitness Performance in Elderly People

Abstract

Background: The necessity of improve the life quality in elderly people is well-known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical and cognitive training programs, as well as their combination on the cognitive functions and physical capacities in women over 80 years old. Methods: Forty-three women took part in this study (80.86 ± 5.03 years). They were divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). Experimental group 1 performed cognitive training. Experimental group 2 did physical–cognitive training, and Experimental Group 3 accomplished physical training. All of training programs had duration of eight weeks (five sessions of 60 min per week). We measured cognitive variables with the Stroop test, D2 test, and Trail Making test. Physical variables were measured with handgrip strength, Minute Step Test, and visual–acoustic reaction time. Results. Control group reduces his physical and cognitive capacities, while the three experimental groups increase these capacities. We found a strong correlation between the increase of physical and cognitive capacities. Conclusion: Eight weeks of training physical, cognitive or mixed, increased physical and cognitive functions of elderly people which may reduce the negative effects of the aging process.

Comparison of Dual Task Training Versus Aerobics Training in Improving Cognition in Healthy Elderly Population

“…Physical activity improves the brain's cognitive reserve capacity, thus reducing the harmful impact of aging as well as the chance of acquiring neurological disorders and dementia. It can, for example, increase the execution capacity and information processing speed [ 12 ].…”

“…As a result, it's critical to concentrate on motor activities requiring attention and combine both physical and cognitive abilities (dual task). This could be a novel marker for detecting physical and cognitive frailty in the elderly [ 12 ]. Dual task refers to the execution of two distinct tasks concurrently or in quick order.…”

“…Other studies have found that physically active individuals perform better in visual figure recognition, spatial memory, and attentional control (i.e., the Eriksen flanker task) [ 20 ]. Increased cardiovascular endurance and circulation in the brain lead to better utilization of oxygen and glucose, increased neurogenesis stimulation, and increased synaptic interconnections [ 12 ]. There is a link between physical fitness and cognitive performance in women aged 70-80 years and AET improves verbal and spatial memory as well as verbal-auditory learning [ 12 , 21 ].…”

“…Increased cardiovascular endurance and circulation in the brain lead to better utilization of oxygen and glucose, increased neurogenesis stimulation, and increased synaptic interconnections [ 12 ]. There is a link between physical fitness and cognitive performance in women aged 70-80 years and AET improves verbal and spatial memory as well as verbal-auditory learning [ 12 , 21 ].…”

“…Previous research studies related to cognitive aspects of aging have found that as people age, their brain structure and function change, involved in EF and the attention system, as well as WM areas [ 5 , 11 , 12 ]. As a result, it's vital to find and apply efficient ideas and tactics that might aid in the retention and even enhancement of cognitive abilities in the elderly [ 13 ].…”