A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin for the Prevention of Travelers' Diarrhea in US Military Personnel Deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Incirlik, Turkey

Armstrong, Adam W.; Ulukan, Sefa; Weiner, Matthew A.; Mostafa, Manal; Shaheen, Hind I.; Nakhla, Isabelle; Tribble, David R.; Riddle, Mark S.

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00462.x

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In terms of absolute risk reduction, pooled DerSimonian and Laird summary estimates found that rifaximin chemoprophylaxis decreased TD attack rates by a mean of 22.1% (95% CI: 6.3-37.9%) equating to a number needed to treat of 4.5 (95% CI: 2.6-15.9). With respect to rifaximin chemoprophylaxis, two studies (Armstrong et al ( 242 ) and Flores et al ( 243 )) did not show that chemoprophylaxis with rifaximin reached a statistically signifi cant diff erence in preventing TD compared with placebo ( 242,243 ). In both studies the incidence of TD in the control group was relatively low (8/48 or 17% and 9/47 or 19%, respectively), which could have explained the fi ndings given sample size calculations were based on the expected incidence of TD to be 40%, and thus recruitment may have been too small to detect the true eff ect of rifaximin in preventing TD.…”

Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

Riddle

DuPont

Connor

2016

American Journal of Gastroenterology

331

250

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Acute diarrheal infections are a common health problem globally and among both individuals in the United States and traveling to developing world countries. Multiple modalities including antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies have been used to address these common infections. Information on treatment, prevention, diagnostics, and the consequences of acute diarrhea infection has emerged and helps to inform clinical management. In this ACG Clinical Guideline, the authors present an evidence-based approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of acute diarrhea infection in both US-based and travel settings. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:602-622; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016 A follow-up survey where 3,568 respondents (median age 51) were asked at random about illness in the previous 7 days or previous month found that recall bias had an important eff ect on estimates of acute gastrointestinal illness ( 10 ). Using a 7-day exposure window, the estimated incidence of acute diarrhea was 1.6 episodes per person-year, compared with 0.9 episodes per person-year if asked about illness within the preceding month. Other population-based studies from Canada and western European countries using varied methodologies estimate annual incidence between 0.1 to 3.5 episodes per person-year ( 11 18. Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis has moderate to good effectiveness and may be considered in high-risk groups for short-term use. (Strong recommendation, high level of evidence) TD, traveler's diarrhea.

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Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

Riddle

DuPont

Connor

2016

American Journal of Gastroenterology

331

250

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“…First, we chose one of the most common AR structures in the behavioral sciences, an AR model of order 1 with two sample size configurations: (1a) T = 100, N = 1, a configuration commonly utilized in the time series literature to evaluate finite-sample performance of statistical approaches; and (1b) T = 14, N = 100, as commonly seen in many ILD studies in psychology (Armstrong et al, 2010;Beidel, Neal, & Lederer, 1991;Roche et al, 2016;Steger & Frazier, 2005). Second, we simulated a complex AR structure with sharp shifts using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA; with N = 100, T = 14) (Box & Jenkins, 1976;Box et al, 2013;Brockwell & Davis, 2002;Reinsel, 2003).…”

Section: Simulation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Time-Varying Effect Model (DTVEM): A tool for diagnosing and modeling time lags in intensive longitudinal data

2018

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With the recent growth in intensive longitudinal designs and the corresponding demand for methods to analyze such data, there has never been a more pressing need for user-friendly analytic tools that can identify and estimate optimal time lags in intensive longitudinal data. The available standard exploratory methods to identify optimal time lags within univariate and multivariate multiple-subject time series are greatly underpowered at the group (i.e., population) level. We describe a hybrid exploratory-confirmatory tool, referred to herein as the Differential Time-Varying Effect Model (DTVEM), which features a convenient user-accessible function to identify optimal time lags and estimate these lags within a state-space framework. Data from an empirical ecological momentary assessment study are then used to demonstrate the utility of the proposed tool in identifying the optimal time lag for studying the linkages between nervousness and heart rate in a group of undergraduate students. Using a simulation study, we illustrate the effectiveness of DTVEM in identifying optimal lag structures in multiple-subject time-series data with missingness, as well as its strengths and limitations as a hybrid exploratory-confirmatory approach, relative to other existing approaches.

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“…1 In special circumstances, rifaximin is the drug of choice for prophylaxis in travelers who could not tolerate an infection due to comorbidities or other practical reasons (eg, sports figures). [40][41][42][43][44] There is solid evidence to support the use of rifaximin in acute diarrhea. In a study on 210 Americans aged 18 years or older traveling to Mexico (diarrhea -producing E. coli as a major pathogen causing TD), 14 participants received rifaximin (200 mg/d, 200 mg twice daily, or 200 mg 3 times daily) or placebo for 2 weeks.…”

Section: Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute diarrheal infections in adults: current management

Riddle¹

2018

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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New guidelines on the management of acute diarrhea in adults were promulgated in 2016. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the context of acute diarrhea and how to generally approach a patient; to present some new areas in the field concerning diagnostics, particularly culture-independent testing, as well as some of the risks and benefits of treatment; and to discuss prevention, particularly in the traveler's diarrhea setting. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This work was completed outside official duties. There are no restrictions on its use. OPEN ACCESS This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited, distributed under the same license, and used for noncommercial purposes only.

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A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin for the Prevention of Travelers' Diarrhea in US Military Personnel Deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Incirlik, Turkey

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

The Differential Time-Varying Effect Model (DTVEM): A tool for diagnosing and modeling time lags in intensive longitudinal data

Acute diarrheal infections in adults: current management

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