A rationally designed dual role anode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries: case study of eco-friendly Fe3O4

Abstract

Identifying dual role electrode materials capable of storing both lithium and sodium are thought to be highly relevant, as these materials could find potential applications simultaneously in lithium and sodium ion batteries. In this regard, the concept of dual alkali storage is demonstrated in Fe(3)O(4) anode material undergoing conversion reaction. To enable improved storage, a rational active material and electrode design is proposed. Accordingly, the following features were simultaneously incorporated into the design: (i) an optimal particle size, (ii) a conducting matrix, (iii) adequately large active material surface area and (iv) strong electrode material-current collector integrity. Electrodes incorporating this rational design exhibit excellent high rate performance and impressive cyclability during lithium storage. For instance, Fe(3)O(4) electrodes deliver a charge capacity of 950 mAh g(-1) at 1.2 C (~2.6 times higher than graphite and 5.4 times higher than Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)). Further, these electrodes show no signs of capacity fade even up to 1100 cycles. Impressively, the cells could also be charged-discharged to 65% of their theoretical capacity in just 5 min or 12 C (11.11 A g(-1)). The rate performance and cyclability of lithium storage achieved here are amongst the highest reported values in the literature for the conversion reaction in Fe(3)O(4). Besides lithium storage, the dual role of this anode is shown by demonstrating its sodium storage ability by conversion reaction for the first time.

Transition metal oxides for high performance sodium ion battery anodes

“…In addition to the high reversible capacity and excellent capacity retention, the could still be sustained, which exceeds most SIB anodes previously reported including nongraphitic carbon and Na-alloy metals [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. After cycling at high rates, a specific capacity as high as 604 mAh g −1 can be recovered when the current density is reduced back to 0.05…”

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 384 ] While the work focused on the Na intercalation in iron oxide host materials, Hariharan et al, later, demonstrated that iron oxides provide a high specifi c capacity of ≈400 mA h g −1 through conversion reactions ( Figure 15 a), [ 385 ] forming Fe metal and Na 2 O. Nevertheless, the specifi c capacity is lower than the theoretical value of 926 mA h g −1 based on the full conversion reaction.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 385 ] Copyright 2013, Royal Society of Chemistry. b) Electrochemical charge/discharge profi les of Co 3 O 4 anodes in the voltage range between 0.01 and 2.5 V vs Na + /Na.…”

3D Porous γ‐Fe2O3@C Nanocomposite as High‐Performance Anode Material of Na‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 17,18 ] In comparison, alloying and conversion reactions are proposed for the anode materials of SIBs. [19][20][21][22] Among them Fe 2 O 3 is considered as a promising candidate for SIBs because of its abundance, low cost, high theoretical capacity (≈1007 mAh g −1 ), and nontoxic nature. [23][24][25] A wileyonlinelibrary.com…”