“…Some studies (Bersin, 2004;Hofmann, 2008;López-Pérez, Pérez-López, & Rodríguez-Ariza, 2011) stated that blended e-learning had more positive effects than traditional learning, but they mostly focused on higher education or employment training, not on primary and secondary schools. Some studies examined the effects of individual differences or gender on learning performance, such as learning achievement, attitudes, and satisfaction, but they did not compare the results with a control group (Alshwiah, 2009;Lee et al, 2007;Méndez & González, 2010). Although some study results showed that blended e-learning facilitated students' attitudes toward the course with three aspects, cognition, skill, and attitude (CSA) (Chen & Lin, 2002), there was a lack of comparison among the effects on the three aspects.…”