A reactive scheduling and control framework for integration of renewable energy sources with a reformer-based fuel cell system and an energy storage device

Integration of Supply and Demand Side Management Using Renewable Power Sources: Application on an Air Separation Plant

“…In this paper, the efficiency for the wind power system is assumed to be 50%, 45 and the wind speed data for Maharashtra state in India is taken from the study by Pravin et al (2020). 6 The mathematical expression for power generated by a wind energy system is as follows 41…”

“…However, because of their stochastic and intermittent nature, the penetration of renewable energy sources decreases the resiliency of the system and poses technical challenges to the efficient planning and operation of the power system network, especially for weak grids or stand-alone systems without proper storage capacity . In order to overcome this drawback, hybrid renewable energy system-based microgrid technologies comprising solar, wind, and energy generation and battery storage units have attracted great interest among researchers. − Hybrid power systems combine two or more dissimilar energy sources into a single composite power source to enhance the efficiency and resiliency of the system when compared with a single power-generating source. − The three main interrelated technical aspects for the effective design of energy supply systems include (i) power system capacity sizing, (ii) time-based scheduling of available power sources and, (iii) peer-to-peer energy transaction strategy …”

A Data-Driven Analysis on Sustainable Energy Security

“…Throughout the real-time operation, instabilities on the demand or supply side may interrupt the harsh controller execution. For example, the technological barriers count on RE resources such as wind and solar are occasional in accessibility and lead to uncertainty in demand gratification (Pravin et al, 2020). The uncertainties reigning in the human perceptions disputes to understand which should be precisely embodied a consumer approachable likeness (Kaluthanthrige & Rajapakse, 2021).…”

“…For design uncertainty, the RE needs to be promoted with new outlays that support small generator' involvement and increase rivalry ability. However, as RE sources is sporadic, and varies through the time of the day, season, and weather conditions, possibly generate a high uncertainty (Pravin et al, 2020). The flexibility and resilience capability, as the power systems' adaptability, are argued to be effective solutions.…”

“…The RE optimization and parametrical examination via technical viability of the optimal design through deterministic constraints is disputed because the geometric and operating parameters are unidentified. This result in the integration problem of stochastic and deterministic power sources where the former operation needs to be planned/deployed against the uncertain energy distribution latter to meet the demand goal (Pravin et al, 2020). Investigating the long-term uncertainty in optimization modelling can compare and quantify the available solutions.…”