A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of the Myxozoan Parasite <i>Henneguya Ictaluri</i> in Channel Catfish

Griffin, Matt; Wise, David J.; Camus, Alvin C.; Mauel, Michael J.; Greenway, Terrence E.; Pote, Linda M.

doi:10.1177/104063870802000504

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These effects are well documented for the myxosporeans Myxobolus cerebralis (Halliday 1973;Baldwin et al 2000;Bettge et al 2009), Ceratonova shasta (syn. Ceratomyxa shasta, Udey et al 1975;Ray et al 2012) and Henneguya ictaluri (Griffin et al 2008), and for the malacosporean Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Bettge et al 2009). The effects likely extend to other pathogenic myxozoans.…”

Section: Water Temperature Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Disease Severity: A Case Study of Ceratonova (syn Ceratomyxa) shasta in the Klamath River

Ray

Alexander

Leenheer

et al. 2015

Myxozoan Evolution, Ecology and Development

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Shifts in future temperature and precipitation patterns will have profound effects on host-parasite interactions and the dynamics of disease in freshwater systems. The aims of this chapter are to present an overview of myxozoan disease dynamics in the context of climate change, and to illustrate how these might be predicted over the next several decades by developing a case study of disease dynamics of Ceratonova (syn Ceratomyxa) shasta in the Klamath River, California USA. Our case study introduces a model ensemble for predicting changes in disease dynamics under different climate scenarios (warm/dry, moderate/median, and cool/wet) from 2020 to 2060. The ensemble uses Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and basin scaled models for the Klamath River to generate predictions for future water temperature and river discharge. The environmental data are used as inputs for a predictive model and a degree day model to simulate effects of climate change on polychaete host populations and on C. shasta spore viability, respectively. Outputs from these models were then used to parameterize an epidemiological model to predict changes in disease dynamics under each climate scenario. The epidemiological model outputs were measured against baselines established using real data for low (2006), high (2008) and intermediate (2011) disease risk years. In general, the epidemiological model predicts that except for infrequent high discharge years, C. shasta dynamics will be

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Section: Water Temperature Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Disease Severity: A Case Study of Ceratonova (syn Ceratomyxa) shasta in the Klamath River

Ray

Alexander

Leenheer

et al. 2015

Myxozoan Evolution, Ecology and Development

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“…and viruses (Bode et al 2004, Kocagoz et al 2005, Takahashi et al 2007, Tomaso et al 2007, Abril et al 2008, Kidd et al 2008. In recent years, fish disease diagnosticians have used this technique to identify and quantify bacterial, viral, and parasitic fish pathogens such as Aeromonas salmonicida, Flavobacterium columnare, Renibacterium salmoninarum, Henneguya ictaluri, largemouth bass virus, and recently Francisella piscicida in Norwegian cod (Balcázar et al 2007, Getchell et al 2007, Panangala et al 2007, Suzuki & Sakai 2007, Griffin et al 2008, Ottem et al 2008. The high sensitivity, high specificity, and short turnaround time for results make this technique an attractive replacement method for conventional diagnostic techniques (Espy et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

Soto¹,

Bowles²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Members of the genus Francisella are small Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria that cause francisellosis in a wide variety of fish species worldwide. F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis has been recently described as a warm-water pathogen of tilapia Oreochromis spp. In this study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) TaqMan probe assay was developed to rapidly and accurately detect and quantify F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis from fish tissue. The target region of the assay was the F. tularensis iglC gene homologue previously found in F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. Probe specificity was confirmed by the lack of signal and cross-reactivity with 12 common fish pathogens, 2 subspecies of F. tularensis, F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis, and tilapia tissue. The range of linearity was determined to be 50 fg to 1.4 mg, and the lower limit of detection was 50 fg of DNA (equivalent to ~25 genome equivalents) per reaction. A similar sensitivity was observed with DNA extracted from a mixture of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis and fish tissue. The assay was also able to detect and quantify F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis from the spleens of experimentally infected tilapia. No signal was observed in the control groups. In conclusion, we have developed a highly sensitive and specific assay that can be used for the specific identification and quantification of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. KEY WORDS: Francisella · Tilapia · qPCRResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…In heavy infections an individual filament may have several breaks, yet it is considered 1 observation, which underestimates disease severity as it is believed each break is associated with infection by an individual actinospore (Wise te al. 2004(Wise te al. , 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Henneguya ictaluri in commercial channel catfish ponds

Griffin¹,

Pote²,

Camus³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Proliferative gill disease (PGD) in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is caused by the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri. Prolonged exposure of channel catfish to the actinospore stage of the parasite results in extensive gill damage, leading to reduced production and significant mortality in commercial operations. A H. ictaluri-specific real-time (Q)PCR assay was used to determine parasite levels in commercial channel catfish ponds and evaluate the risk of losing fish newly stocked into the system. Previous research has shown the H. ictaluri actinospore to be infective for approximately 24 h; therefore, determining the parasite load (ratio of parasite DNA to host DNA) in sentinel fish exposed for 2 separate 24 h periods with a minimum of 1 wk between sampling indirectly represents the rate at which infective actinospores are being released by the oligochaete host and if that rate is changing over time. Alternatively, QPCR analysis of pond water samples eliminates the need for sentinel fish. Water samples collected on 2 separate days, with a minimum of 1 wk between sampling, not only determines the approximate concentrations of actinospores in the pond but if these concentrations are remaining stable. Increases in parasite load (r = 0.69, p = 0.054) correlated with percent mortality in sentinel fish, as did increases in mean actinospore concentrations (r = 0.63, p = 0.003). Both applications are more rapid than current protocols for evaluating the PGD status of a catfish pond and identified actinospore levels that correlate to both high and low risk of fish loss.

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A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of the Myxozoan Parasite Henneguya Ictaluri in Channel Catfish

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Disease Severity: A Case Study of Ceratonova (syn Ceratomyxa) shasta in the Klamath River

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Disease Severity: A Case Study of Ceratonova (syn Ceratomyxa) shasta in the Klamath River

Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

Application of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Henneguya ictaluri in commercial channel catfish ponds

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