A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean

Гордеев, В. В.; Martin, J. M.; Sidorov, I. S.; Sidorova, M. V.

doi:10.2475/ajs.296.6.664

Cited by 406 publications

(287 citation statements)

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“…The Arctic Ocean receives ϳ10% of the freshwater and dissolved organic matter (DOM) supplied globally by rivers (Aagaard and Carmack 1989;Gordeev et al 1996;Macdonald et al 1998;Anderson et al 1998), yet it represents only 1% of the global ocean volume (Menard and Smith 1966). Thus, the flux of terrigenous DOM to the Arctic Ocean is much greater on a volume basis than corresponding fluxes to the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean

Opsahl

Benner

Amon

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

300

271

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High‐latitude rivers supply the Arctic Ocean with a disproportionately large share of global riverine discharge and terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM). We used the abundance of lignin, a macromolecule unique to vascular plants, and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) to trace the high molecular weight fraction of terrigenous DOM in major water masses of the Arctic Ocean. Lignin oxidation products in ultrafiltered DOM (UDOM; >1,000 Da) from Arctic rivers were depleted in syringyl relative to vanillyl phenols (S/V = 0.3–0.5) compared to UDOM in temperate and tropical rivers (S/V = 0.5–1.2), indicating that gymnosperm vegetation is a major source of terrigenous UDOM to the Arctic Ocean. High concentrations of lignin oxidation products (83–320 ng L−1) and a depletion of 13C (δ13C = −23.0 to −21.9) in UDOM throughout the surface Arctic Ocean indicate that terrigenous UDOM accounts for a much greater fraction of the UDOM in the surface Arctic (5–33%) than in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans (0.7–2.4%). In contrast, UDOM in deep water from the Arctic Ocean as well as waters from throughout the Greenland Gyre had relatively low concentrations of lignin oxidation products (24–45 ng L−1 ) and was enriched in 13C (δ13C = −21.0 to −20.8). Terrigenous UDOM has a relatively short residence (∼1–6 yr) in surface polar waters prior to export to the north Atlantic Ocean. Assuming that the bulk of Arctic‐derived DOM is compositionally similar to the UDOM fraction, we estimate that 12–41% of terrigenous DOM (2.9–10.3 Tg C yr−1 ) discharged by rivers to the Arctic Ocean is exported to the North Atlantic via surface waters of the East Greenland Current. It appears very little terrigenous DOM from the Arctic is incorporated into North Atlantic Deep Water and distributed globally via deep thermohaline circulation.

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confidence: 99%

Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean

Opsahl

Benner

Amon

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

300

271

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“…low 1.4-16 mM and 0.1-0.8 mM, respectively ŽLetolle et al, 1993;Cauwet and Sidorov, 1996; . Gordeev et al, 1996 . Within the Lena River phytoplankton productivity, thus, seems to be limited by Ž nutrients other than silica Heiskanen and Keck, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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In order to examine the variation in marine and terrigenous sources of the organic matter during the last 15,000 Cal. yr Ž BP, hydrogen index values, CrN ratios, and specific biomolecules short-and long-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, . sterols, alkenones, and pigments were determined in three sediment cores from the Laptev Sea continental margin. The results show that the interpretation of the biomarker data is much more complicated and less definitive in comparison to similar data sets from low-latitude open-ocean environments. This is mainly caused by the complexity of the Arctic Ocean system, which is characterized by a high seasonality of sea-ice cover and primary productivity, sea-ice sediment transport Ž . and a high fluvial supply of freshwater aquatic organic matter. A combination of organic geochemical, organic petrographic and micropaleontological data may yield to a more precise identification of organic-carbon sources for these Ž . complex systems. On the Laptev Sea shelf cores KD9502-14 and PS2725-5 , terrigenous organic-carbon input controlled by river discharge seems to be predominant during the last about 10,000 Cal. yr BP. Maximum supply of terrigenous organic Ž . carbon was reached in the Early Holocene i.e., about 9000-10,000 Cal. yr BP . Further offshore at the upper continental Ž . slope core PS2458-4 , a major change in organic-composition occurred near 10,000 Cal. yr BP. During this period hydrogen indices as well as the amounts of short-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, dinosterol and brassicasterol significantly increased, indicating increased relative proportions of marine organic matter preserved in the later time interval. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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“…Riverine nitrate concentrations are taken from Telang et al (1991) and Gordeev et al (1996) and are in the range of 2.0-3.2 M in the rivers entering the Kara and Laptev Seas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deduced from the concentration in the Atlantic water and the assumed linear relationship with salinity and a sea ice salinity of 4.5. ¶ Mean of nitrate concentrations in Arctic rivers (Telang et al 1991;Gordeev et al 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon utilization in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean

Olsson

Anderson

Frank

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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Production and remineralization of carbon in the Eurasian sector have been estimated based on a combined data set of the expeditions. This sector includes the deep Nansen and Amundsen Basins and their linked shelf seas, i.e., the Barents, Kara, and Laptev Seas. The water masses in this region are composed of Atlantic water, river runoff, and sea ice-melt water. The fractionation between these source waters is elucidated from the ␦ 18 O-salinity relation and conservation of mass. By combining preformed nitrate concentrations of the source waters with the fractionation model and the measured nitrate concentrations, nitrate deficits and excesses are calculated. These concentrations are then converted to carbon equivalents by applying a C/N ratio, whereby a measure of apparent carbon utilization (ACU) is obtained. From the relative inventory of ACU along the slope and deep basin sections, we conclude that the shelf areas are the dominant productivity sites and that the productivity signal is transported to all water masses in the Eurasian Basin. The flux of utilized carbon from the Barents-Kara and Laptev Seas is about 0.022 Gton C yr Ϫ1 .The Arctic Ocean was once regarded as the most oligotrophic of oceans (e.g., Platt and Subba Rao 1975) due to extensive ice cover, low solar angle, and temperatures but is now considered as a potentially important site of carbon dioxide fixation (Wheeler et al. 1996). The marginal ice zones (MIZ) in particular, including polynyas, offer conditions that enhance photosynthetic activity (e.g., Alexander and Niebauer 1981;Rey and Loeng 1985;Sakshaug and Skjoldal 1989), especially if there is advection of nutrient-rich water into the MIZ area .The magnitude and extent of ice algal production is under current debate. A general consensus of the perennial ice cover inhibiting primary production prevails (e.g., SubbaAcknowledgments 1 Present address: Akvaplan-niva AS, Tromsø, Norway. The oceanographic groups and crew on board IB Oden and RV Polarstern are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance during the Oden-91 and ARK IX-4 expeditions. We are thankful to G.

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A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements, and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 406 publications

References 0 publications

Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean

Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

Carbon utilization in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean

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