Carbon utilization in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean

Olsson, Kristina; Anderson, Leif G.; Frank, Markus H.; Luchetta, Anna; Smethie, William M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1999.44.1.0095

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Much of this water enters via large continental shelves, where significant transformations occur as a result of biological and physical processes. A considerable biological export production drives a flux of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the ocean in the Barents Sea [e.g., Slagstad and Wassmann , 1996; Olsson et al , 1999; Fransson et al , 2001] as well as in the Bering‐Chukchi Sea region [e.g., Springer and McRoy , 1993; Hansell et al , 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export production in the central Arctic Ocean evaluated from phosphate deficits

2003

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Primary productivity in the central Arctic Ocean has recently been reported as being much higher than earlier thought. If a significant fraction of this primary production were exported from the immediate surface region, present estimates of the carbon budget for the Arctic Ocean would have to be reassessed. Using the deficit of phosphate in the central Arctic Ocean, we show that the export production is very low, on an average less than 0.5 gC m−2 yr−1. This is at least an order of magnitude lower than the total production as measured or estimated from oxygen data, thus indicating extensive recycling of nutrients in the upper waters of the central Arctic Ocean and very little export production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export production in the central Arctic Ocean evaluated from phosphate deficits

2003

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“…Between 0 and 100 m water depth nutrients were measured at 5-7 discrete depths. In 1993, nutrient concentrations were measured according to the method of (Grasshoff et al, 1983), using a Chemlab Continuous Flow Analyzer (see also Olsson et al, 1999). In 2012, nutrient concentrations were measured with a standard photometric method using a Technicon TRAACS 800 continuous flow autoanalyser (Technicon Corporation) according to established methods (Boetius et al, 2013;Fernańdez-Meńdez et al, 2015).…”

Section: Water Column Chlorophyll a Poc Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sea ice retreat and ocean warming on the Laptev Sea continental slope ecosystem (1993 vs 2012)

et al. 2022

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The central Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing due to amplified warming and sea ice retreat. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to document and decipher impacts on key ecosystem processes such as primary production and pelagic-benthic coupling, due to limited observations in this remote area. Here we investigated environmental changes at the Laptev Sea continental slope (60-3400 m water depth) from the surface to the seafloor, by replicating sample transects two decades apart. Mean break-up of sea ice occurred earlier and mean freeze-up occurred later in 2012 compared to 1993, extending the ice-free period by more than 30 days. On average, observations and model results showed an annual increase in primary production of 30% and more in the study area in 2012. In contrast, calculated and modelled fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the seafloor were only slightly higher in 2012 and did not extend as far into the deep Laptev Sea as the increase in primary production, possibly due to a more developed retention system. Nevertheless, benthic surveys revealed a substantial increase in phytodetritus availability at the seafloor along the entire transect from the shelf edge to the deep sea. This calls for carbon input by lateral advection from the shelves, additional input from sea ice, and/or a late summer bloom. We also investigated the composition and activity of bacterial communities at the seafloor and potential linkages to the observed environmental changes. While bacterial abundance, biomass and overall community structure showed no systematic differences between the two contrasting years at all depths, extracellular enzymatic activities had increased as a result of higher food availability. This was partly reflected in higher benthic oxygen uptake, indicating a moderate impact on benthic remineralization rates at the time of sampling. Our results show considerable effects of ocean warming and sea ice loss on the ecosystem from the surface ocean to the seafloor in the Laptev Sea, which are likely to continue in the coming decades.

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“…Ice cover and snow pack further reduces light input to these waters and in conjunction with a low angle of the sun during spring greatly limits the optimal period for phytoplankton growth. Recent studies show that in spite of reduced light, some regions of the Arctic are among the most productive in the sea (Smith et al 1997, Olsson et al 1999, Luchetta et al 2000, Klein et al 2002. These areas are generally characterized by early ice retreat, as in polynyas, where phytoplankton are exposed to an increased supply of PAR as the sun rises above the horizon after polar night (Tremblay et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic. II. Estimates of new and regenerated production over the Mackenzie Shelf and Cape Bathurst Polynya

Simpson¹,

Tremblay²,

Brügel³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Uptake of 15 N-labelled nitrate, ammonium, and urea was measured over a quasiannual cycle in the Cape Bathurst Polynya in the Amundsen Gulf and on the Mackenzie Shelf, during the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study (CASES) in 2003 and 2004. Before the phytoplankton bloom and in autumn, nitrogen uptake was slow, representing less than 5% of annual consumption. Uptake rates increased exponentially after ice retreat and within 3 wk reached a maximum of 38.6 mmol N m −2 d −1. During spring, NO 3 − uptake supported new production of 166 mmol N m −2 and f-ratios rose from 0.1−0.2 to 0.6−0.9. Filter fractionation showed that GF/F filters retained 93.1 ± 1.3% of the 15 N incorporated into particulate matter, suggesting that phytoplankton were responsible for the majority of the N uptake. Although free-living bacteria took up relatively more 15 N in autumn and in the lower part of the euphotic zone than phytoplankton, their assimilation of inorganic N had little effect on water column integrated f-ratios or new production. Urea supplied almost half the N assimilated by phytoplankton annually and about 80% of the regenerated production during the spring bloom. Total new production, estimated from water column integrated 15 N-nitrogen uptake rates and linear models that interpolated rates over unsampled periods, was 342−415 mmol N m −2 yr −1

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Carbon utilization in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Export production in the central Arctic Ocean evaluated from phosphate deficits

Export production in the central Arctic Ocean evaluated from phosphate deficits

Effects of sea ice retreat and ocean warming on the Laptev Sea continental slope ecosystem (1993 vs 2012)

Nutrient dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic. II. Estimates of new and regenerated production over the Mackenzie Shelf and Cape Bathurst Polynya

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