A Reassessment of Using Light‐Sensitive Diazo Paper For Measuring Integrated Light in the Field

Bardon, Robert E.; Countryman, David W.; Hall, Richard B.

doi:10.2307/1939365

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A 3-day integrated light measurement was taken at each plant using diazopaper booklets (Bardon et al 1995;Friend 1961) calibrated at each site with a Li-Cor PAR sensor (LiCor, Lincoln, Neb.) and data logger.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic patterns of herbivory and resource allocation to defense, growth, and reproduction in an invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata

Lewis¹,

Bazzaz²,

Liao

et al. 2006

Oecologia

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We investigated geographic patterns of herbivory and resource allocation to defense, growth, and reproduction in an invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata, to test the hypothesis that escape from herbivory in invasive species permits enhanced growth and lower production of defensive chemicals. We quantified herbivore damage, concentrations of sinigrin, and growth and reproduction inside and outside herbivore exclusion treatments, in field populations in the native and invasive ranges. As predicted, unmanipulated plants in the native range (Hungary, Europe) experienced greater herbivore damage than plants in the introduced range (Massachusetts and Connecticut, USA), providing evidence for enemy release, particularly in the first year of growth. Nevertheless, European populations had consistently larger individuals than US populations (rosettes were, for example, eightfold larger) and also had greater reproductive output, but US plants produced larger seeds at a given plant height. Moreover, flowering plants showed significant differences in concentrations of sinigrin in the invasive versus native range, although the direction of the difference was variable, suggesting the influence of environmental effects. Overall, we observed less herbivory, but not increased growth or decreased defense in the invasive range. Geographical differences in performance and leaf chemistry appear to be due to variation in the environment, which could have masked evolved differences in allocation.

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Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic patterns of herbivory and resource allocation to defense, growth, and reproduction in an invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata

Lewis¹,

Bazzaz²,

Liao

et al. 2006

Oecologia

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“…An empirical correction factor C is used to account for I 0 and an average value of k = 0.88 that was previously determined at Paracou is used [13], so that the relationship between PAI and the resistance R writes as: PAI = α lnR + β (lnR) 2 + γ + C. The parameters α, β and γ are specific to each instrument. For the one we used: α = 2.124, β = -0.101 and γ = 2.211.…”

Section: Empirical Lai-meter (Lail)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calibrated the papers using a sampling procedure similar to that described by Bardon et al [2], in which a gradient of light energy was created by varying the exposure time to a relatively constant level of radiation. Calibrations were conducted on a clear day in three shadehouses of varying light intensity, using Li-Cor quantum sensors calibrated to measure photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), attached to a Campbell data logger (Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA).…”

Section: Diazo Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goals of the study were (1) to evaluate the instruments based on the consistency of their respective measurements; (2) to evaluate the instruments based on their ability to produce measures that do not vary for small variations in space or time; and (3) to determine the degree to which quantitative measures are correlated with stand differences and stand-based competition indices. We investigated both 12-year-old second-growth stands and unlogged stands, as these represent a more extensive gradient of light conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of five indirect methods for characterizing the light environment in a tropical forest

et al. 2001

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-We compared five methods for measuring light availability in the tropical forest understorey: the LAI-2000 PCA, an empirical LAI-metre, a densiometre, photosensitive diazo paper metres, and hemispherical photographs. Measurements were made along three 250 m transects and adjacent to 95 seedlings on four logged or virgin plots of a French Guianese forest. Correlation analysis showed that more mobile and less expensive methods, such as the LAI metre and diazo paper metres, can provide similar information to more cumbersome or expensive equipment such as the LAI-2000 metre or hemispherical photographs. All instruments except the densiometre detected differences among seedlings from different post-logging microsites. Few significant correlations were found between light measures and the number of trees or their basal area within 10 m, which may reflect an increase in the density of smaller stems and lianas during post-logging succession.light measure / tropical forest / leaf area index / seedling / hemispherical photography / diazo paper Résumé -Comparaison de cinq méthodes pour caractériser l'environnement lumineux de plantules en forêt tropicale. Cinq mé-thodes de mesure de la quantité de lumière disponible dans le sous-bois d'une forêt tropicale sont comparées : le LAI-2000 PCA, un appareil de mesure empirique du LAI, un densiomètre, des papiers diazo photosensibles et un appareil de photographie hémisphérique. Les mesures ont été effectuées le long de trois transects de 250 m et à proximité de 95 plantules, dans quatre parcelles exploitées ou vierges d'une forêt guyanaise. L'analyse des corrélations entre mesures montre que des méthodes comme l'appareil de mesure empirique du LAI ou les papiers diazo peuvent fournir, de façon plus pratique et moins coûteuse, des informations semblables à celles données par le LAI-2000 ou les photographies hémisphériques. Tous les appareils, excepté le densiomètre, décèlent des différences entre des plantules poussant dans des microhabitats rendus différents par l'exploitation. Peu de corrélations significatives entre les mesures de lumière et l'effectif d'arbres ou leur surface terrière dans un rayon de 10 m ont été trouvées, ce qui tend à indiquer que la densité des petites tiges et des lianes s'est accrue à la suite de l'exploitation. mesure de lumière / forêt tropicale / indice foliaire / plantule / photographie hémisphérique / papier diazo Ann. For. Sci. 58 (2001) [877][878][879][880][881][882][883][884][885][886][887][888][889][890][891] 877

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“…Depth was measured at five points per plot (at each corner of the plot and in the center). Light transmitted directly on the nest site was estimated simultaneously using a standardized diazo paper apparatus method on a single day to estimate peak photon flux density, PPFD (Friend 1961, Bardon et al 1995). This method provided results that are highly correlated (r 2 > 0.90) with direct measurement of PPFD, and enabled simultaneous measurement PPFD for direct comparisons among plots.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of species–energy theory: patch occupancy and colony size in tropical rainforest litter‐nesting ants

McGlynn

Alonso‐Rodríguez

Weaver

2013

Oikos

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Species -energy theory can account for spatial variation in the abundance and community composition of animals, though the mechanisms of species -energy theory are under contention. We evaluated three competing mechanisms at the local spatial scale by conducting an in vivo light manipulation over supplemental ant nests placed in the leaf litter of a Costa Rican tropical rainforest . We found that the light environment did not alter the 10% rate of occupation of the supplemental nests, but light did alter the size of colonies and the genus-level composition of the community. Light levels in the foraging range were positively associated with colony sizes of all ants, whereas light levels directly on the nest site were predictive of the occurrence of ant genera. Colonies of specialized predators, dacetine ants, were larger in more shaded foraging environments, and the functional group of generalized myrmicines exhibited an opposite pattern, with smaller-sized colonies in response to shading. Responses of twig-dwelling ants to the light environment were most consistent with the metabolic cost hypothesis as a mechanism of species -energy theory. We found mixed support for the thermal energy availability hypothesis, and scant support for the chemical energy hypothesis, as the litter depth, a measure of prey density, was not predictive of ant responses. In summary, at the local scale, we found patterns in colony size and life history are governed by light-dependent mechanisms.

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A Reassessment of Using Light‐Sensitive Diazo Paper For Measuring Integrated Light in the Field

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Geographic patterns of herbivory and resource allocation to defense, growth, and reproduction in an invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata

Geographic patterns of herbivory and resource allocation to defense, growth, and reproduction in an invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata

A comparison of five indirect methods for characterizing the light environment in a tropical forest

A test of species–energy theory: patch occupancy and colony size in tropical rainforest litter‐nesting ants

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